Fatty acid-binding protein

About: Fatty acid-binding protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81530 citations. The topic is also known as: FABP.

Reelin deficiency or dysfunction and methods related thereto

Abstract: A method of measuring Reelin as a biomarker, to non-destructively assess or predict DHA levels in the brain and in other, currently inaccessible or difficult-to-access, key components of the central nervous system (CNS) is described. Also described is a method to prevent, delay the onset of, or treat Reelin deficiency or dysfunction and/or a disease or condition associated with Reelin deficiency or dysfunction, comprising administering to a patient diagnosed with or suspected of having a Reelin deficiency or dysfunction an amount of a PUFA, and particularly an omega-3 PUFA, and more particularly, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a precursor or source thereof, to compensate for the effects of Reelin deficiency or dysfunction in the patient. Also described is a method to prevent or reduce development defects or disorders associated with Reelin dysfunction or deficiency through the supplemental use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs- unsaturated fatty acids having two or more double bonds), and particularly highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs- unsaturated fatty acids having three or more double bonds), and more particularly a HUFA selected from arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and even more particularly omega-3 HUFAs, and more particularly DHA, to: compensate for reduced fatty acid binding protein or function thereof in the patient; compensate for reduced brain lipid binding protein or function thereof in the patient; improve the activity of fatty acid binding proteins in the patient; increase the expression of brain lipid binding proteins (BLBPs) in the patient; improve at least one parameter of the mechanism of action of brain lipid binding proteins in the patient; overcome a deficiency of DHA in central nervous system (CNS) structures and improve the resulting function thereof; increase the incorporation of functional DHA and other PUFAs into the phospholipid membranes of glial cells and neurons in the patient; increase the level of Reelin and/or improve the activity of Reelin in the patient; and/or improve at least one symptom of a disease or condition associated with Reelin deficiency or dysfunction.

Reduced blood‐brain barrier expression of fatty acid‐binding protein 5 is associated with increased vulnerability of APP/PS1 mice to cognitive deficits from low omega‐3 fatty acid diets

Abstract: Lower levels of the cognitively-beneficial docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are often observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Brain DHA levels are regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of plasma-derived DHA, a process facilitated by fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5). This study reports a 42.1 ± 12.6% decrease in the BBB transport of 14C-DHA in 8-month AD transgenic mice (APPswe,PSEN1∆E9) relative to wild-type, associated with a 34.5 ± 6.7% reduction in FABP5 expression in isolated brain capillaries of AD mice. Furthermore, short-term spatial and recognition memory deficits were observed in AD mice on a 6-month n-3 fatty acid-depleted diet, but not in AD mice on control diet. This intervention led to a dramatic reduction (41.5 ± 11.9%) of brain DHA levels in AD mice. This study demonstrates FABP5 deficiency and impaired DHA transport at the BBB, which are associated with increased vulnerability to cognitive deficits in mice fed an n-3 fatty acid-depleted diet, in line with our previous studies demonstrating a crucial role of FABP5 in BBB transport of DHA and cognitive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The binding of natural and fluorescent lysophospholipids to wild-type and mutant rat liver fatty acid-binding protein and albumin.

Abstract: Rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is able to bind a wide range of non-polar anionic ligands, including lysophospholipids. In order to understand the nature of lysophospholipid interactions with liver FABP, the binding of natural lysophospholipids and two fluorescent analogues, N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalenesulphonyl)-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (dansyl lysoPE) and 1-(O-[11-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-sulphonyl)amino]undecyl)-sn-glycero -3- phosphocholine (dansyl-C11-lysoPAF), has been investigated. The results confirmed the ability of liver FABP to bind lysophospholipids with KD values in the range of 1-2 microM, and a 1:1 binding stoichiometry was indicated. Binding of fluorescent lysophospholipids was enhanced with the FABP mutant, R122Q, possibly due to increased flexibility of the binding cavity as a result of reduced hydrogen-bonding constraints. The fluorescent lysophospholipids also bound to albumin, with KD values in the range 0.1-1.0 microM, and could be displaced by oleic acid. The fluorescence characteristics of the dansyl lysophospholipid analogue dansyl-C11-lyso-PAF suggested that this probe binds to the same site(s) on albumin as the fluorescent fatty acid probe 11-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-sulphonylamino)-undecanoic acid (DAUDA).