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Showing papers on "Feature (computer vision) published in 1971"


Journal ArticleDOI
11 Jun 1971-Nature
TL;DR: The application of high hydrostatic pressure will remove, at least partially, the effects of general anaesthetics in both newts and mice.
Abstract: The application of high hydrostatic pressure will remove, at least partially, the effects of general anaesthetics in both newts and mice. This feature seems to be common to all general anaesthetics and a simple model could explain this antagonism.

237 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several preprocessing techniques for enhancing selected features and removing irrelevant data are described and compared and a practical image pattern recognition problem is solved using some of the described techniques.
Abstract: Feature extraction is one of the more difficult steps in image pattern recognition. Some sources of difficulty are the presence of irrelevant information and the relativity of a feature set to a particular application. Several preprocessing techniques for enhancing selected features and removing irrelevant data are described and compared. The techniques include gray level distribution linearization, digital spatial filtering, contrast enhancement, and image subtraction. Also, several feature extraction techniques are illustrated. The techniques are divided into spatial and Fourier domain operations. The spatial domain operations of directional signatures and contour tracing are first described. Then, the Fourier domain techniques of frequency signatures and template matching are illustrated. Finally, a practical image pattern recognition problem is solved using some of the described techniques.

207 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a modification to the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for maximal dynamic flow in a time-weighted, capacitated network, and produces a shipping schedule representing what has been termed the universal maximalynamic flow.
Abstract: This paper presents a modification to the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for maximal dynamic flow in a time-weighted, capacitated network. The modification is mild, as conjectured by Gale, and produces a shipping schedule representing what has been termed the universal maximal dynamic flow. The universal feature is that, in constructing a schedule for P periods, this same schedule is maximal when truncated to p less than P periods. A numerical example compares the temporally repeated and universal-type solutions.

132 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two groups of children were trained to discriminate between two displays which could only be differentiated by a single distinctive feature located on one of the displays, while feature negative subjects did not localize on the distinctive feature.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It has been found, using both synthetic images as well as images taken from the real world, that Golay transforms are useful in feature enhancement and extraction.
Abstract: Golay hexagonal pattern transforms are position independent local operators for use in transforming or altering binary images. The hexagonal tessellation is preferred because it removes the connectivity ambiguity present in the square or checkerboard tessellation. Golay transforms also may be applied to multilevel or "gray" images by encoding such images as a registered stack of binary image planes. The general Golay transform creates a new binary image (the output image) from as many as three stacked input images. Simpler Golay transforms merely alter the binary pattern contained in a single image plane, i.e., the same plane acts as both input and output. Because it is slow and cumbersome to perform Golay transforms using a general-purpose computer, fast special-purpose computers have been built for this purpose which may be programmed in a new image processing language called Glol (Golay logic language). It has been found, using both synthetic images as well as images taken from the real world, that Golay transforms are useful in feature enhancement and extraction. Several illustrative examples are provided.

73 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
Sajal K. Das1
TL;DR: A measure of linear dependence is proposed and used as an aid in feature selection and Speaker verification experiments demonstrate the usefulness of employing such a measure in practice.
Abstract: Features which are linearly dependent on other features do not contribute toward pattern classification by linear techniques In order to detect the linearly dependent features, a measure of linear dependence is proposed This measure is used as an aid in feature selection Speaker verification experiments demonstrate the usefulness of employing such a measure in practice

57 citations


Patent
08 Jun 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a novel arrangement for controlling the thermal gradient of glass sheet undergoing thermal processing where temperature is a critical feature of the operation such as in shaping, coating, and he like is presented.
Abstract: A novel arrangement for controlling the thermal gradient of glass sheet undergoing thermal processing where temperature is a critical feature of the operation such as in shaping, coating, and he like.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this study has been to assess the frequency with which chronic simple glaucoma presents in an outpatient clinic as some type of retinal accident and also the significance of the association.
Abstract: The purpose of this study has been to assess the frequency with which chronic simple glaucoma presents in an outpatient clinic as some type of retinal accident and also the significance of the association. Although it is generally accepted that a thrombotic glaucoma can complicate a central retinal venous occlusion, the frequency of retinal venous occlusion occurring in eyes with established glaucoma simplex seems less well known, even though this was first described by Verhoeff (I 9 I 3) and has been emphasized by Duke-Elder and Jay (I 969). Some recent authors (Becker and Post, I95I; Higgitt, I956; Dryden, I965; Tarkkanen, Raitta, and Vannas, I967) have mentioned the relationship between simple glaucoma and central retinal venious occlusion, although Raitta (I965) postulated that tributary venous occlusion was no commoner in simple glaucoma than in comparable age groups of the general population. It seemed to us that it would be useful to assess the extent of this relationship of simple glaucoma to retinal vascular occlusion using the improved diagnostic methods now available, especially applanation tonometry and electronic tonography.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distance measures and the information functions for feature selection are compared and the effectiveness of a feature subset and the computational complexity is compared.
Abstract: The distance measures and the information functions for feature selection are compared. The comparison is based on the available tight upper and lower bounds of the probability of misrecognition, the rates of change of such probability, the effectiveness of a feature subset, and the computational complexity.


Patent
24 Aug 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a threshold detection device for line scanning is proposed, in which detection is in part governed by inspecting video signal from portions of scan lines intersecting a feature under analysis other than that currently being scanned.
Abstract: Detection devices for image analysis systems employing line scanning in which detection is in part governed by inspecting video signal from portions of scan lines intersecting a feature under analysis other than that currently being scanned. In one device a reference level voltage for threshold detection is generated by generating the mean of the whitest and blackest signal levels of image portions immediately before and after that currently under analysis so that the reference threshold is constantly equated to the black and white content of the image under analysis. In another device the inspection image portions before and after that currently under analysis allow a decision to be made as to whether the current portion is inside or outside feature defined only by a boundary having an unsymmetrical density profile. Another system allows a tentative detection decision to be made from the information from one portion of a line scan and a final detection decision to be made after comparing the provisional decision with a later decision based on information from (preceding and following) a line scanned portion following that on which the tentative decision was made.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problem of identifying people based solely upon samples of their speech is viewed as a statistical pattern classification problem, emphasizing the portion of the process in which an informative, concise set of features is extracted from the speech signal.
Abstract: The problem of identifying people based solely upon samples of their speech is viewed as a statistical pattern classification problem, emphasizing the portion of the process in which an informative, concise set of features is extracted from the speech signal. This work takes into account both the limited amount of data available in a real application and the statistical dependence among the various proposed features. In addition, the results of feature evaluation should apply to speakers not involved in the evaluation set.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of elastic surface wave devices in modern radar and communications signal processing has been discussed in this article, where it is shown that the fabrication techniques involved are compatible with integrated microcircuit techniques so widespread in general microwave technology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The idea in the proposal is to let a FUNARG-expression create indirect-addressing type bindings on the push-list for variables.
Abstract: This paper is a response to Joel Moses's recent paper, "The Function of FUNCTION in LISP, or ... ". We give some examples where the FUNARG feature of LISP 1. 5 is relative useful, and suggest a computationally efficient implementation of FUNARG. The idea in the proposal is to let a FUNARG-expression create indirect-addressing type bindings on the push-list for variables.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions under which one theory is said to be replaceable by another, while preserving those features of the original theory which made it serviceable for a given purpose, are examined.
Abstract: The conditions are examined under which one theory is said to be replaceable by another, while preserving those features of the original theory which made it serviceable for a given purpose. Among such replacements, special attention is given to ones which qualify as so-called reductions of a theory, and some theorems are proved concerning the notion of a reduction.

Patent
21 Dec 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a Reel-type retractor for a safety belt is described, having the feature that a retractor can be assembled from the identical components and the contacts of a signal switch, incorporated into the retractor, have the feature of making positive wiping electric contact.
Abstract: A reel-type retractor for a safety belt, having the feature that a retractor for either right hand or left hand operation can be assembled from the identical components. The contacts of a signal switch, incorporated into the retractor, have the feature of making positive wiping electric contact.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that the acquisition of a simple discrimination was retarded in both nursery school children and university students when the feature distinguishing S+ and S− was part of the S− display.
Abstract: Acquisition of a simple discrimination was retarded in both nursery school children and university students when the feature distinguishing S+ and S− was part of the S− display. These findings are substantially in accord with similarly designed studies with pigeons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methods for extracting pattern-synthesizing features based on matrix factorization and pattern intersection are presented and an algorithm for obtaining features correlated by inclusion is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High-order joint probabilities have been directly estimated from the data base, thus making it possible to take into account in the feature selection process the existence of statistical dependencies among features to a greater extent than has been done in previously reported work.
Abstract: A simple yet powerful technique for selecting features to be used in a pattern recognition system has been devised and applied to an eight-class character recognition problem using a set of 19 000 typed character samples as a data base. High-order joint probabilities have been directly estimated from the data base, thus making it possible to take into account in the feature selection process the existence of statistical dependencies among features to a greater extent than has been done in previously reported work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examines this feature and describes methods for evaluating its effect on the overall steering power requirements and system behaviour.
Abstract: THE FUNDAMENTAL principles governing the behaviour of aircraft during steering manoeuvres on the ground are now well known and documented, but one particular aspect of the problem has not, to the writer's knowledge, been dealt with in the literature. This article examines this feature and describes methods for evaluating its effect on the overall steering power requirements and system behaviour. The influence of tyre characteristics is also examined.

Patent
J Tozzi1
26 Nov 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a delayed-off headlamp circuit is proposed, in which the delay feature is invoked only within a predetermined time interval after the ignition is turned off, and the user is not bothered by an undesired delay.
Abstract: A delayed-off headlamp circuit in which the delay feature is invoked only within a predetermined time interval after the ignition is turned off. Otherwise headlamp operation is normal. This permits the user to invoke a delay when he desires it but is not bothered by an undesired delay otherwise.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The intermittent contact devices described in this article are made up of rigid masses and massless springs and the essential feature of each system is that there is one mass which is not rigidly attached to the remainder of the system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Encasement of major branches of the abdominal aorta is a common feature of neuroblastoma and demonstration of this by arteriography is useful in formulating a decision whether or not to attempt surgical excision.
Abstract: Encasement of major branches of the abdominal aorta is a common feature of neuroblastoma. Demonstration of this by arteriography is useful in formulating a decision whether or not to attempt surgical excision.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A unified approach to designing a data analyzer that performs cluster-seeking, feature selection, and categorizer design under a weighted least-square performance criterion that can be used as a fast procedure to evaluate the discriminatory capability of sensors and/or preprocessors.
Abstract: This paper gives a unified approach to designing a data analyzer that performs cluster-seeking, feature selection, and categorizer design under a weighted least-square performance criterion. The cost of misrecognitions is preserved throughout the process, It can be used as a fast procedure to evaluate the discriminatory capability of sensors and/or preprocessors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a convenient and economical technique for producing large numbers of flaw-free, well-finished, epoxy-model pressure vessels is described, which relies on all-metal cores.
Abstract: A convenient and economical technique for producing large numbers of flaw-free, well-finished, epoxy-model pressure vessels is described. The novel feature of the technique is the dependence on all-metal cores. Also of interest is the low turn-around time per mold.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results were interpreted as indicating the existence of two independent predictors of discrimination latency—one based on the component feature measures of forms (dmax) and one on the organizational unity of forms(meaningfulness).
Abstract: Summary.-A variable based on the Gestalt principle of organizational uniry (meaningfulness) was combined with feature measures of polygons (reflecting area and pggedness), and measures of differences in feature levels, in an attempt to predict d~scr~mination latency for 20 polygons. Meaningfulness was evaluated through a free-learning, free-recall paired-associate task with polygons and numbers, and was found to be independent of all measures based on physical features of form. When meaningfulness was combined with dmax (a measure reflecting selective attention to the maximum discriminating feature) in an attempt to predict latency, a multiple correlation of .85 was obtained for 10 Ss (who had previously performed the paired-associate task), and a multiple correlation of .70 for another group of ten Ss (who performed only the discrimination-latency task). Direct feature measures were not significantly related to latency for either group of Ss, and latencies from the groups were significantly intercorrelated. Results were interpreted as indicating the existence of two independent predictors of discrimination latency-ne based on the component feature measures of forms (dmax) and one on the organizational unity of forms (meaningfulness).