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Fertility

About: Fertility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29988 publications have been published within this topic receiving 681106 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principal policy implication from this analysis is that vigorous efforts to reduce unwanted pregnancies through family planning programs and other measures are needed early in the fertility transition because, in their absence, unwanted fertility and abortion rates are likely to rise to high levels.
Abstract: This study analyzes trends in unwanted fertility in 20 developing countries, based on data from the World Fertility Surveys and the Demographic and Health Surveys. Although wanted childbearing almost invariably declines as countries move through the fertility transition, the trend in unwanted fertility was found to have an inverted U shape. During the first half of the transition, unwanted fertility tends to rise, and it does not decline until near the end of the transition. This pattern is attributed to the combined effects of an increase in the duration of exposure to the risk of unwanted pregnancy and a rise in contraceptive use as desired family size declines. The substantial variation in unwanted fertility among countries at the same transition stage is caused by variation in the degree of implementation of preferences, the effectiveness of contraceptive use, the rate of induced abortion, and other proximate determinants, such as age at marriage, duration of breastfeeding, and frequency of sexual relations. The principal policy implication from this analysis is that vigorous efforts to reduce unwanted pregnancies through family planning programs and other measures are needed early in the fertility transition because, in their absence, unwanted fertility and abortion rates are likely to rise to high levels.

192 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A complete picture of the role of nutrition on fertility is far from complete, but much progress has been made and the most salient gaps in the current evidence include jointly considering female and male diets and testing the most consistent findings in randomized trials.

191 citations

MonographDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether colleagues' fertility influences women's transitions to parenthood and found that after a colleague gave birth, transition rates to first pregnancy double and the influence of colleagues fertility is mediated by social learning.
Abstract: This chapter investigates whether colleagues’ fertility influences women’s transitions to parenthood. I draw on LinkedEmployer–Employee data (1993–2007) from the German Institute for Employment Research comprising 33,119 female co-workers in 6,579 firms. Results from discrete-time hazard models reveal social interaction e ects on fertility among women employed in the same firm. In the year after a colleague gave birth, transition rates to first pregnancy double. This e ect declines over time and vanishes after two years. Further analyses suggest that the influence of colleagues’ fertility is mediated by social learning.

191 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From a study of 34 early human ova recovered from a series of 107 patients known to be fertile whose conditions for conception were optimal it appears that the maximum fertility rate at implantation is 58 and these defective human fertilized ova rise because of intrinsic defects rather than from defects of the local or endocrine environment.
Abstract: From a study of 34 early human ova (24 normal and 10 abnormal) recovered from a series of 107 patients known to be fertile whose conditions for conception were optimal it appears that the maximum fertility rate at implantation is 58%; the maximum normal fertility rate after the twelfth day of ovular development is 42%; the probable maximum fertility rate during the preimplantation stages is from 80 to 90%; the greatest ovular loss is in the preimplantation stage; the next greatest loss is during the week after implantation; the ovular loss after the first missed period may be as great as 28.6%, either with or without clinical signs and is therefore comparable to the clinical abortion rate; these defective human fertilized ova rise because of intrinsic defects rather than from defects of the local or endocrine environment, and, finally, the fertility rates and fate of fertilzed ova are roughly comparable in man and other mammals.

190 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20232,042
20223,958
20211,098
20201,105
20191,047