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Fertility

About: Fertility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29988 publications have been published within this topic receiving 681106 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new theoretical link between inequality and growth was developed, where fertility and education decisions are interdependent and a mean-preserving spread in the income distribution increases fertility differential between the rich and the poor, which implies that more weight gets placed on families who provide little education.
Abstract: We develop a new theoretical link between inequality and growth. In our model, fertility and education decisions are interdependent. Poor parents decide to have many children and invest little in education. A mean-preserving spread in the income distribution increases the fertility differential between the rich and the poor, which implies thatmore weight gets placed on families who provide little education. Consequently, an increase in inequality lowers average education and, therefore, growth. We find that this fertility-differential effect accounts for most of the empirical relationship between inequality and growth.

590 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This more comprehensive framework is compared with the usual approach in the analysis of several empirical problems-non-marital fertility, premodern fertility fluctuations and differentials, and the secular fertility decline-and is shown to be better suited for incorporating the concepts and hypotheses of noneconomists along with those of economists.
Abstract: An economic framework for fertility analysis is discussed. When the theory of consumer behavior is applied to childbearing fertility is viewed as the consumer demand for children over other goods. Standard economic theory limits the determinants of fertility to 1) the demand for children and 2) the cost of fertility regulation. The broader economic theory presented here includes child production potential as a determinant in human fertility. Production potential allows for the application of consumer behavior theory to a greater number of world conditions such as nonmarital fertility fluctuation in fertility in premodern times the decline in fertility in industrialized societies and the distinctions made between social vs. individual control of fertility.

585 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Aug 2009-Nature
TL;DR: A reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility.
Abstract: During the twentieth century, the global population has gone through unprecedented increases in economic and social development that coincided with substantial declines in human fertility and population growth rates. The negative association of fertility with economic and social development has therefore become one of the most solidly established and generally accepted empirical regularities in the social sciences. As a result of this close connection between development and fertility decline, more than half of the global population now lives in regions with below-replacement fertility (less than 2.1 children per woman). In many highly developed countries, the trend towards low fertility has also been deemed irreversible. Rapid population ageing, and in some cases the prospect of significant population decline, have therefore become a central socioeconomic concern and policy challenge. Here we show, using new cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the total fertility rate and the human development index (HDI), a fundamental change in the well-established negative relationship between fertility and development as the global population entered the twenty-first century. Although development continues to promote fertility decline at low and medium HDI levels, our analyses show that at advanced HDI levels, further development can reverse the declining trend in fertility. The previously negative development-fertility relationship has become J-shaped, with the HDI being positively associated with fertility among highly developed countries. This reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility.

581 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Men with varicocele was palpable in 35% (352/1,001) of men with primary infertility and 81% (79/98) men with secondary infertility.

579 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There has been a sharp increase in the demand for fertility preservation, and this review summarizes the indications and current options and describes new techniques and strategies, including those for women with newly diagnosed malignant disease.
Abstract: There has been a sharp increase in the demand for fertility preservation. This review summarizes the indications and current options and describes new techniques and strategies, including those for women with newly diagnosed malignant disease.

575 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20232,042
20223,958
20211,098
20201,105
20191,047