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Fertility

About: Fertility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29988 publications have been published within this topic receiving 681106 citations.


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01 May 1985
TL;DR: The results indicate that if childbearing were confined to the "prime" reproductive ages of 20-34, then infant and child mortality rates would fall by about 5 percent.
Abstract: This paper explores the relation between changes in the timing and quantity of fertility, such as those that might result from an effective family planning program in developing countries, and changes in child and maternal mortality. It uses the results from recent multivariate studies to estimate the changes in mortality that might result from altering maternal age, birth order, and birth spacing distributions of livebirths. The results indicate that if childbearing were confined to the prime reproductive ages of 20 to 34, then infant and child mortality rates would fall by about 5 percent. Limiting childbearing to ages 20-39 may also reduce the maternal mortality ratio by about 4 percent. Universal adoption of an ideal spacing pattern in which all births subsequent to the first are spaced at least two years apart may reduce infant mortality by about 10 percent and child mortality by about 21 percent.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that East Asia's ultra-low fertility rates can be partially explained by the steadfast parental drive to have competitive and successful children, which exemplifies the notion of ‘quality over quantity’.
Abstract: Fertility throughout East Asia has fallen rapidly over the last five decades and is now below the replacement rate of 2.1 in every country in the region. Using South Korea as a case study, we argue that East Asia's ultra-low fertility rates can be partially explained by the steadfast parental drive to have competitive and successful children. Parents throughout the region invest large amounts of time and money to ensure that their children are able to enter prestigious universities and obtain top jobs. Accordingly, childrearing has become so expensive that the average couple cannot afford to have more than just one or two children. The trend of high parental investment in child education, also known as ‘education fever’, exemplifies the notion of ‘quality over quantity’ and is an important contributing factor to understanding low-fertility in East Asia.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Health-related quality of life of women from an Islamic background was affected to a greater degree than that of Austrian women, although no differences in symptomatology were found.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting female fertility. In this study, we examined the symptomatology of PCOS and the health-related quality of life among infertility patients suffering from PCOS with different socio-cultural and ethnic background. METHODS: Symptomatology of PCOS, body composition characteristics as well as socio-economic factors were examined in 49 PCOS infertility patients of the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, in Vienna, who originated from two socio-cultural subgroups, Austrian women and Moslem immigrant women. Additionally, the Cronins healthrelated quality of life questionnaire of women with PCOS was used in order to examine the impact of PCOS symptoms on the individual quality of life of the affected women. RESULTS: In terms of the appearance of the symptoms, the typical heterogeneity of PCOS could be found in both subgroups with no differences. However, differences in the health-related quality of life were impressive. Health-related quality of life of women from an Islamic background was affected to a greater degree than that of Austrian women, although no differences in symptomatology were found. This was true of all five domains investigated (infertility, overweight, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities and emotional problems). First of all, infertility was a dramatic problem for immigrant women. Islamic women had very high reproductive pressure. The Moslem immigrant PCOS women suffer more from infertility than do Austrian women. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals should be sensitive to the ethnicity, religious and cultural background of their patients to provide the best possible medical support.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a modeling approach to address the issue that the distribution of services may respond to a conscious effort by public authorities or funding agencies to target areas with observed higher fertility.
Abstract: Most studies evaluating the impact of family planning on fertility treat the presence of family planning clinics as being “randomly” assigned among the areas included in the study. They tend to ignore the possibility that the distribution of services may be related to the fertility level observed in a particular area. In some cases the distribution of services may respond to a conscious effort by public authorities or funding agencies to target areas with observed higher fertility. Even in absence of program planning, the factors determining service placement might be related to the determinants of high, or low, fertility in a particular area. If that is the case, and one fails to account for the endogeneity of family planning services, then the estimated impact of family planning programs will be biased. This article presents a modeling approach to address this issue. The model extends the simultaneous equation framework by integrating an individual-level model of timing and spacing of children ...

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fertility and production traits need to be selected for simultaneously if fertility is going to be maintained along further genetic improvement on production, and such selection should include fertility results from lactating cows.
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between fertility and production traits in first, second and third lactations as well as between fertility traits measured in the same way at different ages. The fertility traits studied were: number of inseminations per service period, number of treatments for reproductive disturbances, interval between first and last inseminations, interval between calving and first insemination, and interval between calving and last insemination. Early milk production was measured as the average of the energy-corrected milk yield at the second and third monthly testdays in a lactation. The number of records was approximately 450 000, 350 000, 180 000 and 75 000 in the heifer period, first, second, and third lactations, respectively. A linear, trivariate model that included the effects of herd-year, year, month, age and sire of the cow was applied. To reduce the effect of ongoing selection, 305-days kg protein production in first lactation was include...

143 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20232,042
20223,958
20211,098
20201,105
20191,047