Fertility

About: Fertility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29988 publications have been published within this topic receiving 681106 citations.

Toxicity of Chemotherapy and Radiation on Female Reproduction

Abstract: One of the most devastating consequences of cancer treatment in the young female population is ovarian damage, resulting in diminished fertility potential. The extent of damage is related to age, chemotherapeutic regimen, and dose of pelvic radiation received. It is crucial that physicians know the impact each of these factors has on future fertility to advice patients on fertility preservation options. Anticancer drugs injure the female reproductive system through ovarian follicular and stromal damage. Although the exact mechanisms of damage remain unclear, it is essential to better understand these mechanisms to develop methods to diminish ovarian injury.

Births: final data for 2011.

Abstract: Objectives This report presents 2011 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal characteristics, including age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, attendant at birth, method of delivery, and infant characteristics (e.g., period of gestation, birthweight, and plurality). Birth and fertility rates are presented by age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age and race of father also are shown. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Methods Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.95 million births that occurred in 2011 are presented. Denominators for population-based rates are postcensal estimates derived from the U.S. 2010 census. Birth and fertility rates for 2001-2009 are based on revised intercensal population estimates. Denominators for 2011 and 2010 rates for the specific Hispanic groups are derived from the American Community Survey; denominators for earlier years are derived from the Current Population Survey. Results The number of births declined 1% in 2011 to 3,953,590. The general fertility rate also declined 1%, to 63.2 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. The teen birth rate fell 8%, to 31.3 per 1,000 women. Birth rates declined for women in their 20s, were unchanged for women aged 30-34, and rose for women aged 35-44. The total fertility rate (estimated number of births over a woman's lifetime) declined 2% to 1,894 per 1,000 women. The number and rate of births to unmarried women declined; the percentage of births to unmarried women was essentially stable at 40.7%. The cesarean delivery rate was unchanged from 2010 at 32.8%. The preterm birth rate declined for the fifth straight year to 11.73%; the low birthweight rate declined slightly to 8.10%. The twin birth rate was not significantly changed at 33.2 per 1,000 births; the rate of triplet and higher-order multiple births also was essentially stable at 137.0 per 100,000.

Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research

Abstract: This paper provides a review of fertility research in advanced societies, societies in which birth control is the default option. The central aim is to provide a comprehensive review that summarizes how contemporary research has explained ongoing and expected fertility changes across time and space (i.e., cross- and within-country heterogeneity). A secondary aim is to provide an analytical synthesis of the core determinants of fertility, grouping them within the analytical level in which they operate. Determinants are positioned at the individual and/or couple level (micro-level), social relationships and social networks (meso-level); and, by cultural and institutional settings (macro-level). The focus is both on the quantum and on the tempo of fertility, with a particular focus on the postponement of childbearing. The review incorporates both theoretical and empirical contributions, with attention placed on empirically tested research and whether results support or falsify existing theoretical expectations. Attention is also devoted to causality and endogeneity issues. The paper concludes with an outline of the current challenges and opportunities for future research.

The relationship between wages and income and the timing and spacing of births: evidence from Swedish longitudinal data.

Abstract: "This paper estimates semiparametric reduced-form neoclassical models of life-cycle fertility in Sweden.... The estimated model integrates aspects of life cycle fertility that have previously been studied in isolation of each other: completed fertility, childlessness, interbirth intervals, and the time series of annual birth rates. The main objective of this paper is to determine which aspects of life cycle fertility, if any, are sensitive to male income and female wages."