Topic
Fertility
About: Fertility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29988 publications have been published within this topic receiving 681106 citations.
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TL;DR: The chance of becoming spontaneously pregnant declines with the duration before conception, and the three major factors influencing the spontaneous probability of conception are the time of unwanted non-conception, the age of the female partner and the disease-related infertility.
914 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that the transition from very high fertility to replacement-level fertility has been associated with a gradual increase in gender equity primarily within the family itself, and that the further movement to very low fertility is associated with the rapid shift toward high levels of gender equity in individual institutions such as education and market employment, in combination with persistent low-level gender equity within families and family-oriented institutions.
Abstract: Recent theoretical discussion has postulated that low fertility in advanced countries is attributable to low levels of gender equity. Low gender equity is evidenced in the lack of support for women to combine paid employment and childrearing; tax-transfer systems that remain based on the male-breadwinner model of the family; and the retention of gender-oriented roles within the family. Hence, it is argued that an increase in gender equity is a precondition of a rise in fertility from very low levels. At the same time, theorists argue that, in less developed countries, higher levels of gender equity are a necessary condition for achieving lower fertility. The article addresses this apparent contradiction by distinguishing two types of gender equity: gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. The argument is made that the transition from very high fertility to replacement-level fertility has been associated with a gradual increase in gender equity primarily within the family itself. In contrast, the further movement to very low fertility is associated with a rapid shift toward high levels of gender equity in individual institutions such as education and market employment, in combination with persistent low levels of gender equity within the family and in family-oriented institutions.
913 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between socioeconomic development and the timing and pace of fertility decline in 69 developing countries during 1960-90 and found that there is a highly significant negative and nonlinear relationship between HDI and fertility.
Abstract: This analysis of fertility transition is conducted among 69 developing countries during 1960-90 It is argued that the relationship between socioeconomic development and the timing and pace of fertility decline is related to level of development regional progress in fertility decline and social interaction The empirical test is based on the theoretical framework of Notestein and successors Analysis is based on the UN human development index (HDI) during 1960-85 (life expectancy GDP and literacy) Findings indicate that there is a highly significant negative and nonlinear relationship between HDI and fertility Fertility was highest among countries with low HDI scores When HDI was over 07 all countries were in transition but there was no fixed threshold for entry into transition Fertility varied widely among countries at any given level of development Statistically significant findings and graphic presentation indicate that countries with levels of development over 03 in 1960-65 had higher fertility than countries with an HDI of 03 in 1985-90 The relationship between fertility and development shifted over time Transition occurred first in the most industrialized literate and urban provinces of a macroregion and then other provinces in geographic proximity followed regardless of HDI level Logistic models indicate that development level and years since the beginning of transition in the region were good predictors of transition status in Asia Latin America and Europe The most rapid declines in fertility occurred in countries that had high levels of development at the onset of transition How family planning affects the pace and timing of fertility decline cannot be determined It is posited that the addition of social interaction (ideas evaluation of the merits of ideas social influence and local national and global channels of social interaction) measures to the empirical model would further explain the timing and pace of fertility transition
905 citations
15 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Birth rates declined for women in their 20s and increased for most age groups of women aged 30 and over in 2013, and measures of unmarried childbearing were down in 2013 from 2012.
Abstract: Objectives This report presents 2013 data on US births according to a wide variety of characteristics Data are presented for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, attendant at birth, method of delivery, period of gestation, birthweight, and plurality Birth and fertility rates are presented by age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, and marital status Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age and race of father also are shown Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted Methods Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 393 million US births that occurred in 2013 are presented Results A total of 3,932,181 births were registered in the United States in 2013, down less than 1% from 2012 The general fertility rate declined to 625 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 The teen birth rate fell 10%, to 265 per 1,000 women aged 15-19 Birth rates declined for women in their 20s and increased for most age groups of women aged 30 and over The total fertility rate (estimated number of births over a woman's lifetime) declined 1% to 1,8575 per 1,000 women Measures of unmarried childbearing were down in 2013 from 2012 The cesarean delivery rate declined to 327% The preterm birth rate declined for the seventh straight year to 1139%, but the low birthweight rate was essentially unchanged at 802% The twin birth rate rose 2% to 337 per 1,000 births; the triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate dropped 4% to 1195 per 100,000 total births
885 citations