Topic
Fertility
About: Fertility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29988 publications have been published within this topic receiving 681106 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify those variables that may explain country heterogeneity in the negative association between fertility and female labour force participation, and apply aggregate descriptive representations of the time series and cross-country evolution of fertility, female employment and a set of labour market, educational and demographic variables and indicators of social policy.
Abstract: Various authors find that in OECD countries the cross-country correlation between the total fertility rate and the female labour force participation rate turned from a negative value before the 1980s to a positive value thereafter. Based on pooled cross-sectional data, Kogel (2004) shows that (a) unmeasured country-specific factors and (b) country-heterogeneity in the magnitude of the negative time-series association accounts for the reversal in the sign of the cross-country correlation coefficient. Our paper aims to identify those variables that may explain country heterogeneity in the negative association between fertility and female labour force participation. The selection of variables is based on existing macro-demographic theories. We apply aggregate descriptive representations of the time series and cross-country evolution of fertility, female employment and a set of labour market,educational and demographic variables and indicators of social policy.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this article, information from two U.S. fertility surveys on couples knowledge about and use of specific contraceptives are used to estimate the technology of human reproduction in order to examine the association between schooling and productivity in the household sector.
Abstract: Information from two U.S. fertility surveys on couples knowledge about and use of specific contraceptives are used to estimate the technology of human reproduction in order to examine the association between schooling and productivity in the household sector. The results indicate that more schooled couples have a wider knowledge of contraceptive methods use more efficiently those contraceptive methods for which there is little information and large scope for misuse and are better able to mitigate the effects of their biological constraints (fecundity) on their fertility compared to less schooled couples. (EXCERPT)
222 citations
TL;DR: Spermatozoon counts in 1000 men of known fertility and in 1000 cases of infertile marriage were studied to determine the lowest semen standar compatible with relative ease of conception.
222 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the fertility desires of marital partners on subsequent fertility were examined and they identified the role played by disagreement between the spouses in pruning and fertility planning, respectively.
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of the fertility desires of marital partners on subsequent fertility. In particular, we attempt to identify the role played by disagreement between the spouses in pr...
222 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted a meta-analysis of the existing literature on the relation between fertility and women's employment at the micro-level and found a high variation in the studied effects among the institutional settings, reflecting the existence of a north-south gradient.
Abstract: Our research objective was to systematise the existing literature on the relation between fertility and women’s employment at the micro-level. Instead of carrying out a traditional literature review, we conducted a meta-analysis. This allowed us to compare estimates from different studies standardised for the country analysed, the method applied, control variables used and sample selected. We focused on two effects: the impact of work on fertility and the impact of young children on employment entry. First, we found a high variation in the studied effects among the institutional settings, reflecting the existence of a north–south gradient. Second, we observed a significant change in the effects over time. Finally, we demonstrated that a failure to account for the respondent’s social background, partner and job characteristics tends to produce a bias in the estimated effects.
222 citations