Topic
Fetus
About: Fetus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21567 publications have been published within this topic receiving 646380 citations. The topic is also known as: foetus & fœtus.
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TL;DR: The identification of cellular pathways subject to drift in response to environmental influences provide a basis for future studies examining the role of specific environmental factors on DNA methylation pattern and placenta-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Abstract: The human placenta facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gas and waste between the fetal and maternal circulations. It also protects the fetus from the maternal immune response. Due to its role at the feto-maternal interface, the placenta is subject to many environmental exposures that can potentially alter its epigenetic profile. Previous studies have reported gene expression differences in placenta over gestation, as well as inter-individual variation in expression of some genes. However, the factors contributing to this variation in gene expression remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of gene promoters in placenta tissue from three pregnancy trimesters. We identified large-scale differences in DNA methylation levels between first, second and third trimesters, with an overall progressive increase in average methylation from first to third trimester. The most differentially methylated genes included many immune regulators, reflecting the change in placental immuno-modulation as pregnancy progresses. We also detected increased inter-individual variation in the third trimester relative to first and second, supporting an accumulation of environmentally induced (or stochastic) changes in DNA methylation pattern. These highly variable genes were enriched for those involved in amino acid and other metabolic pathways, potentially reflecting the adaptation of the human placenta to different environments. The identification of cellular pathways subject to drift in response to environmental influences provide a basis for future studies examining the role of specific environmental factors on DNA methylation pattern and placenta-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
176 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that in high risk pregnancy Doppler umbilical artery FVW studies predict the most compromised fetuses in terms of growth retardation and requirements for neonatal intensive care.
176 citations
TL;DR: The blood flows to reproductive organs were measured by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 24 pregnant ewes with gestational ages ranging from 38 to 141 days.
Abstract: The blood flows to reproductive organs were measured by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 24 pregnant ewes with gestational ages ranging from 38 to 141 days. The microspheres were injected
176 citations
TL;DR: In a large, prospective study, mothers who smoked during one pregnancy but not another had smaller infants in the pregnancy in which they smoked, irrespective of birth order and many other factors that affect fetal growth.
176 citations
TL;DR: A dramatic yet reversible increase in the incidence of indomethacin-induced ductal constriction occurs at 31 weeks' gestation, however, ductalconstriction can occur at any gestational age.
176 citations