Topic
Fetus
About: Fetus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21567 publications have been published within this topic receiving 646380 citations. The topic is also known as: foetus & fœtus.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: Fetal oxygenation is related to size at birth across the entire range of birth weights as studied at term from macrosomic to growth-restricted infants; this conclusion supports oxygen as a primary determinant of fetal growth.
184 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this Consult is to outline an evidence-based, standardized approach for the prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction.
184 citations
TL;DR: There is a striking difference in the tissue localization of 11 beta HSD1 and 11beta HSD2 expression in the late gestation human placenta and fetal membranes, which may discretely determine the accessibility of bioactive glucocorticoid to specific cell types.
Abstract: Two isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) are present in mammals. 11βHSD1 interconverts biologically active cortisol and inactive cortisone, whereas 11βHSD2 only converts cortisol to cortisone. Placental 11βHSD has been proposed to protect the fetus from high level of maternal glucocorticoids. Although bidirectional activity of 11βHSD has been demonstrated in homogenized human placental tissues, the tissue and cellular distribution of 11βHSD1 has not been resolved. In this study, the cellular localization of 11βHSD1 protein and levels of its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in human placenta and fetal membranes were determined by immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis, respectively. We found that 11βHSD1 immunoreactivity was present in the placental extravillous intermediate trophoblasts, chorion trophoblasts, amnion epithelial cells, and stromal cells of the decidua vera. Positive staining was also observed in the endothelium of the blood vessels in both placental villous tissue...
183 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that fetal death and growth restriction associated with prenatal alcohol exposure were prevented by combinatorial peptide treatment and it is suggested that this therapeutic strategy be explored in other models/diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Abstract: Two peptides [NAPVSIPQ (NAP) and SALLRSIPA (ADNF-9)], that are associated with novel glial proteins regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, are shown now to provide protective intervention in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome. Fetal demise and growth restrictions were produced after intraperitoneal injection of ethanol to pregnant mice during midgestation (E8). Death and growth abnormalities elicited by alcohol treatment during development are believed to be associated, in part, with severe oxidative damage. NAP and ADNF-9 have been shown to exhibit antioxidative and antiapoptotic actions in vitro. Pretreatment with an equimolar combination of the peptides prevented the alcohol-induced fetal death and growth abnormalities. Pretreatment with NAP alone resulted in a significant decrease in alcohol-associated fetal death; whereas ADNF-9 alone had no detectable effect on fetal survival after alcohol exposure, indicating a pharmacological distinction between the peptides. Biochemical assessment of the fetuses indicated that the combination peptide treatment prevented the alcohol-induced decreases in reduced glutathione. Peptide efficacy was evident with either 30-min pretreatment or with 1-h post-alcohol administration. Bioavailability studies with [(3)H]NAPVSIPQ indicated that 39% of the total radioactivity comigrated with intact peptide in the fetus 60 min after administration. These studies demonstrate that fetal death and growth restriction associated with prenatal alcohol exposure were prevented by combinatorial peptide treatment and suggest that this therapeutic strategy be explored in other models/diseases associated with oxidative stress.
183 citations
TL;DR: PBEF is a novel cytokine constitutively expressed by the fetal membranes during pregnancy and increased the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 and may be important in both normal spontaneous labor and infection-induced preterm labor.
183 citations