scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Field (Bourdieu) published in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reflect on the state of the energy studies field and propose recommendations for better integrating social science into energy research, and realize a future energy system that is low-carbon, safe, and reliable will require fuller and more meaningful collaboration between the physical and social sciences.
Abstract: This article reflects on the state of the energy studies field, and it proposes recommendations for better integrating social science into energy research. Realizing a future energy system that is low-carbon, safe, and reliable will require fuller and more meaningful collaboration between the physical and social sciences.

278 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The authors defined power as the ability of one individual in a relationship to exert influence on another person (the target of influence) so that the influence agent obtains the specific outcomes he or she wants in a given situation while being able to resist influence attempts by the target.
Abstract: As the philosopher Bertrand Russell observed, power plays a central role in everyday social interactions, and it serves as an organizing principle in the social and behavioral sciences (Reis, Collins, & Berscheid, 2000). Given its paramount importance, one might expect power would hold a privileged place in the field of social psychology and particularly in the study of relationships. Although there are major theoretical statements on what power is (e.g., French & Raven, 1959; Thibaut & Kelley, 1959) and how it should affect relationship dynamics (e.g., Huston, 1983), and there are isolated pockets of research on how power influences interpersonal outcomes (see the References), power has never been a hotbed of theoretical or empirical activity. One overarching goal of this chapter is to begin to change this state of affairs. There are several reasons why power has not become a central, organizing construct within either social psychology or the field of interpersonal relationships. First, the construct of power has multiple components, making it challenging to define and measure. This, in turn, has made it difficult to interpret the effects that the amount of power wielded by each partner has on important relationship or individual outcomes. Second, most prior studies of power in relationships have been descriptive and have relied on global assessments of power (e.g., “In general, how much power or influence do you have over your partner?”). Partners in established relationships, however, often have and may exert different amounts of power in different decision-making domains (e.g., financial, sexual, future plans), and global conceptualizations and measures of power do not assess—and often may not predict—domain-specific areas of power in relationships, especially in close and committed relationships. In addition, the degree to which people are accurately aware of the power dynamics in their relationships remains unclear. Overreliance on self-report measures may have masked some of the actual processes of power and influence in many relationships. Despite these challenges, understanding power and the influence strategies and tactics that individuals use to get what they want from their relationship partners is essential to understanding a host of important relationship dynamics and outcomes (Reis et al., 2000). Although power can be (and has been) defined in different ways, we provisionally define power as the ability of one individual in a relationship (the influence agent) to exert influence on another person (the target of influence) so that the influence agent obtains the specific outcomes he or she wants in a given situation while being able to resist influence attempts by the target. We define influence strategies as the higher level goals and interpersonal approaches that influence agents use to try to

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article used Bourdieu's concept of "field" as a tool to examine higher education participation in England in the context of diversified and differentiated provision and found that rules created for the selective part of the HE field can have perverse effects on other parts of the field, creating barriers rather than bridges for students seeking to participate in HE via alternative routes.
Abstract: This paper uses Bourdieu’s concept of ‘field’ as a tool to examine higher education participation in England in the context of diversified and differentiated provision. Admissions practices for courses in two institutions offering tertiary and higher education demonstrate how the official rules of the game shape the experience of students moving into and through HE on vocational and alternative routes. These examples suggest that rules created for the ‘selective’ part of the HE field can have perverse effects on other parts of the field, creating barriers rather than bridges for students seeking to participate in HE via alternative routes. The paper concludes by considering the strengths and limitations of using Bourdieu’s tools for understanding diversification in HE. Does using Bourdieu lead to the inevitable conclusion that diversity is a form of diversion, directing a proportion of the population through an easily accessible, but ultimately less rewarding path, or can Bourdieu’s tools suggest possibil...

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) published a survey on citizen science as a distinct field of inquiry (CISI) in 2015, with a focus on the role of citizen science in science.
Abstract: 208 BioScience • February 2015 / Vol. 65 No. 2 http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org BioScience 65: 208–211. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu217 Advance Access publication 21 January 2015 Citizen Science as a Distinct Field of Inquiry

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Erin A. Cech1
TL;DR: The authors theoretically articulates and empirically explores a mechanism of such gendering: self-conceptions may filte... and show that men and women in the same field develop different professional identities.
Abstract: Do men and women in the same field develop different professional identities? This paper theoretically articulates and empirically explores a mechanism of such gendering: Self-conceptions may filte...

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of discourse analytical tools from post-structuralism and a theory of symbolic power derived from Bourdieu's work is used to explore how economists occupy a powerful, hegemonic position in the global political economy.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to show that economic experts are not the product of one single social field, with one identity and one role. They are rather the product of a trans-epistemic discursive field. By a combination of discourse analytical tools from post-structuralism and a theory of symbolic power derived from Bourdieu's work, the contribution explores how economists occupy a powerful, hegemonic position in the global political economy. While classical approaches in Political Economy reduce power mainly to money and violence, this paper takes the recent debates on the cultural turn in Political Economy as a starting point to develop the idea of a Discursive Political Economy of Economics. In the first step it is shown how discourse and power interact. In the second step the paper explores the discursive power logic of economic expert discourses at the interface between academia, politics, media and the economy with illustrations from empirical research. The claim of this paper is that the power of ...

73 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare competitive in the lab, successful in the field, and conclude that competitive lab experiments are more successful than successful ones in the real world: "Competitive in the Lab, Successful in the Field".
Abstract: -This is the author's version (preprint) of the article: "Competitive in the lab, successful in the field?" Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2015, doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.11.014

64 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that sociological analyses of healthcare choice must take greater account of the ‘field’ in which choices are made in order to better explain the structuring of choice.
Abstract: The promotion of choice is a common theme in both policy discourses and commercial marketing claims about healthcare. However, within the multiple potential pathways of the healthcare ‘maze’, how do healthcare ‘consumers’ or patients understand and experience choice? What is meant by ‘choice’ in the policy context, and, importantly from a sociological perspective, how are such choices socially produced and structured? In this theoretical article, the authors consider the interplay of Bourdieu’s three key, interlinked concepts – capital, habitus and field – in the structuring of healthcare choice. These are offered as an alternative to rational choice theory, where ‘choice’ is regarded uncritically as a fundamental ‘good’ and able to provide a solution to the problems of the healthcare system. The authors argue that sociological analyses of healthcare choice must take greater account of the ‘field’ in which choices are made in order to better explain the structuring of choice.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methodological crisis that resulted from conservative, closed-circle orthodoxy in the field of social sciences has led us to question our toolbox of empirical research methods over the last dec... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The methodological crisis that resulted from conservative, closed-circle orthodoxy in the field of social sciences has led us to question our toolbox of empirical research methods over the last dec...

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explored perceptions of barriers to entry into the UK film and television industries and the way in which individuals negotiate these by drawing on the various capitals to which they have access, particularly the concepts of field, habitus and capitals.
Abstract: The social composition of the workforce of the UK film and television industries does not reflect the diversity of the population and the industries have been described as white, male and middle class. While the lack of specific demographic representation in employment (for example gender or ethnicity) has been highlighted by both industry and academic commentators, its broader social composition has rarely been addressed by research. This article draws on the work of Bourdieu, particularly the concepts of field, habitus and capitals, to explore perceptions of the barriers to entry into these industries and the way in which individuals negotiate these by drawing on the various capitals to which they have access.

Book ChapterDOI
10 Oct 2015

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study based on qualitative interviews with staff from four Australian universities was conducted to investigate the nature of the contestation, revealing a dynamic process in which academics innovatively respond to threats to reduce their autonomy, to increased levels of surveillance and other constraints on practice.
Abstract: The paper reports on an empirical study based on qualitative interviews with staff from four Australian universities. These universities are shown to be undergoing significant social change as processes of marketisation impact on the everyday practices of academic workers. The universities are analysed as sites of contestation between the new professional managers and the established academic profession over the control of the conditions of work, the production of expert knowledge and the worksite itself. The theory of academic capitalism is examined, and the relevance of Bourdieu’s work for the analysis of a university sector in a context of marketisation is assessed. Bourdieu’s interlinked concepts of capital, habitus and the field are employed to investigate the nature of the contestation, revealing a dynamic process in which academics innovatively respond to threats to reduce their autonomy, to increased levels of surveillance and other constraints on practice. In addition, the study illustrates the p...

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Nov 2015-TDR
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors engage with contemporary lines of inquiry into the "liveness" of matter to discover where and how those lines, or turns of thought, intersect with the field of performance studies.
Abstract: Engaging with contemporary lines of inquiry into the “liveness” of matter unearths where and how those lines, or turns of thought, intersect with the field of performance studies.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive perspective on practice by taking into consideration the core notions of field and habitus is proposed to consider strategizing as a practice This emphasizes the 'doing' of multiple agents; the embodied and tacit aspects; the symbolic violence and power issues at stake As a consequence, strategizing refers to the practice of motivated agents engaged in struggles.
Abstract: The use and the study of ‘practice’ has been widely developed in organization and strategic management research as an intermediary level of analysis between individuals, organizations, market fields and institutions Bourdieu’s work has been largely mobilized in these studies, particularly within the attempt to define practice, for example by Jarzabkowski (2004), Johnson et al (2003), Whittington (1996, 2006), Chia and Holt (2006) However, as asserted by Chia (2004), “advocates of practice-based approaches to strategy research may have underestimated the radical implications of the work of practice social theorists such as Bourdieu […] who they rely upon to justify this turn to practice” (Chia 2004: 30) Yet, authors mainly base on the characteristics of practice and on the relation between practice and habitus to understand how individuals develop their practical capacity to strategizing, but they mainly remain at a descriptive stage They do not take into account the complete possibilities of the framework, mainly because they neglect the concept of field, which is nevertheless essential to understand the link between individuals and action As Bourdieu puts it, “the ‘subject’ of what is sometimes called ‘company policy’ is quite simply the field of the firm or, put it more precisely, the structure of the relation of force between the different agents that belong to the firm”(Bourdieu 2005: 69) This highlights the struggling nature of strategy as a practice, a struggle for power, a political fight over time between agents The aim of this paper is to propose a comprehensive perspective on practice by taking into consideration the core notions of field and habitus I propose to consider strategizing as a practice This emphasizes the ‘doing’ of multiple agents; the embodied and tacit aspects; the symbolic violence and power issues at stake As a consequence, strategizing refers to the practice of motivated agents engaged in struggles and to account more completely for the relation of forces (and their development) between them

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found evidence of significant male backlash against female leaders, which can be attributed to the transgression of social norms and in particular, a violation of male identity, when women are assigned to positions of leadership through gender based quotas.
Abstract: This paper uses data from artefactual field experiments and surveys conducted in 61 villages in India to examine whether men and women respond differently to women as leaders. We investigate the extent to which behavior towards female leaders is influenced by experience with women in leadership positions. We find evidence of significant male backlash against female leaders, which can be attributed to the transgression of social norms and in particular, a violation of male identity, when women are assigned to positions of leadership through gender based quotas. Increased exposure to female leaders reduces the extent of bias.

BookDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe their studies in the light of Bourdieu's key concepts field, habitus and capital to consider the social status of childhood, the tensions between schooling and work in the lives of children, children's relations with adults, and the pressures on childhood resulting from globalization and from the professional discourse of those adults who aim to help them.
Abstract: About the book This book breaks new ground in its theorizing of childhood within sociological concepts. Over the course of nine chapters, authors give detailed accounts of the lives of children in a range of societies, including England, sub-Saharan Africa, Northern Ireland, France, Andhra Pradesh and Finland. They describe their studies in the light of Bourdieu's key concepts field, habitus and capital to consider the social status of childhood, the tensions between schooling and work in the lives of children, children's relations with adults, and the pressures on childhood resulting from globalization and from the professional discourse of those adults who aim to help them. The authors are all established researchers who are committed to improving the social status and well-being of childhood, in social, economic and political worlds that too often fail to accord children respect for their human rights.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reprise the argument for the emergence of a global education policy field and then focus on the shared habitus of global and national policy actors and technicians.
Abstract: This paper reprises the argument for the emergence of a global education policy field and then focuses on the shared habitus of global and national policy actors and technicians. It is argued that this shared habitus is constituted as a reflection of and a contribution to the creation of the global education policy field. Bourdieu’s approach to habitus as both methodological tool and concept is used and the significance of the interview encounter to understanding habitus is argued. The authors also draw on the content of interviews with five elite policy-makers and technicians. It was found that the policy actors and technicians shared a similar middle-class embodied habitus; in terms of schemes of perception, they identified with a high-modernist confidence in both science and technology; they identified with a cosmopolitan outlook and sensibility; and demonstrated scientistic approaches that held real confidence in understanding the social through quantitative social science methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the complex interaction between individual, organizational, and environmental factors in the field of new venture success is discussed. But the authors focus on the individual factors and not the organizational factors.
Abstract: Building on prior research, this study provides insights on the complex interaction between individual, organizational, and environmental factors in the field of new venture success Specifically,

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2015
TL;DR: The topic of language and religion is relatively new to sociolinguistics and the systematic development of this field of study only really started to come about in the past decade as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The topic of ‘language and religion’ is relatively new to sociolinguistics and the systematic development of ‘language and religion’ as a field of sociolinguistic study only really started to come about in the past decade. Therefore, we considered it appropriate to start this volume with an accessible and generalizing introductory article to this field of study. We conceived our article in such a way that it starts with an overview of its development and then turns to a brief description of existing frameworks used to demarcate it. The article ends with a presentation of a tentative framework that gives context to the invited contributions to the present volume.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a Bourdieuian approach is adopted to identify underlying structures and practices that have causal powers to generate gender-based inequalities in innovation and enterprise activity in SET departments within three UK universities.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates that engagement in innovation and enterprise activity in SET departments within three UK universities is, in part, gendered. A Bourdieuian approach is adopted to identify underlying structures and practices that have causal powers to generate gender-based inequalities. Drawing on empirical research with 52 participants, this study reveals gendered science enterprise experiences, characterized by a field that is considered strong in shaping the habitus and presenting stark options to women in pursuit of their careers. It demonstrates the multilayered nature of the fields that shape gendered experiences and resultant inequalities by taking into account individual dispositions of academics and their habitus, including their science enterprise experience and the wider commercial field beyond the university, and generates a number of implications for practice and policy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Be skeptical of the global health rationality project, analyze global health as a field of power relations, a concept developed by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, and elevate the place of input legitimacy-inclusive deliberation, fair process and transparency-to address legitimacy and knowledge deficits in this field.
Abstract: Actors working in global health often portray it as an enterprise grounded in principled concerns, advanced by individuals and organizations who draw on scientific evidence to pursue health equity. This portrait is incomplete. It is also a field of power relations—a social arena in which actors claim and draw on expertise and moral authority to gain influence and pursue career, organizational and national interests. A clear understanding of how power operates in this field is necessary to ensure that it is used productively to serve the aims of health equity and improved population health. Responding to commentaries on an editorial published in this journal, I offer 3 ideas toward this end: (1) be skeptical of the global health rationality project—the effort to rescue the field from the alleged indignities of politics through the application of scientific methods; (2) analyze global health as a field of power relations, a concept developed by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu; and (3) elevate the place of input legitimacy—inclusive deliberation, fair process and transparency—to address legitimacy and knowledge deficits in this field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines the claim that critical management studies (CMS) is based on the Frankfurt School of critical theory and concludes that "critical management studies has pervaded the field of management studies, claiming to be based on critical theory".
Abstract: Critical management studies (CMS) has pervaded the field of management studies, claiming to be based on the Frankfurt School of critical theory. This paper examines that claim. It starts with a bri...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors used Bourdieu's theory of practice to theorise middle-class public service use and found that engagement with the state is a classed practice producing benefits to those already empowered and that localism may exacerbate inequalities.
Abstract: There is concern that the ‘localism’ promoted by the UK Coalition Government will further empower the already powerful. This paper uses Bourdieu’s theory of practice to theorise middle-class public service use. Building on a previous evidence review (Matthews and Hastings, 2013) it considers whether the habitus of the middle-classes enables them to gain disproportionate benefit from public services. Service provision is understood as a ‘field’ marked by a competitive struggle between social agents who embody class-based power asymmetries. It finds that engagement with the state is a classed practice producing benefits to those already empowered and that localism may exacerbate inequalities.

Journal ArticleDOI
Karen Waltorp1
TL;DR: In this paper, a long-term anthropological fieldwork among young Muslim women in a social housing area in Copenhagen explores how morality, modesty, and gender- and generational relations become reconfigured in the ways in which young women use the Smartphone and social media to navigate their everyday lives.
Abstract: This article builds on long-term anthropological fieldwork among young Muslim women in a social housing area in Copenhagen. It explores how morality, modesty, and gender- and generational relations become reconfigured in the ways in which young women use the Smartphone and social media to navigate their everyday lives. I focus on love and marriage, the imperatives of appearing cool among peers, and keeping the family’s honour intact through the display of virtuous behaviour. Building on Bourdieu’s writings on the split habitus, I introduce the term composite habitus, as it underscores the aspect of a habitus that is split between (sometimes contradictory) composite parts. The composite habitus of the young women is more than a hysteresis effect (where disposition and field are in mismatch and the habitus misfires), as the composite habitus also opens up to a range of possible strategies. I present examples of how intimate and secret uses of Smartphones have played out and show how social media have allowed for multiple versions of the self through managing public and secret relationships locally and across long distances.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2015
TL;DR: The Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics (JHS) as mentioned in this paper is a journal dedicated to historical sociolinguistic research, which was established by Weinreich et al. in the early 1970s.
Abstract: Abstract This article introduces the new Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics by situating it in the developing field of historical sociolinguistics. The landmark paper of Weinreich et al. (1968), which paid increased attention to extralinguistic factors in the explanation of language variation and change, served as an important basis for the gradual development and expansion of historical sociolinguistics as a separate (sub)field of inquiry, notably since the influential work of Romaine (1982). This article traces the development of the field of historical sociolinguistics and considers some of its basic principles and assumptions, including the uniformitarian principle and the so-called bad data problem. Also, an overview is provided of some of the directions recent research has taken, both in terms of the different types of data used, and in terms of important approaches, themes and topics that are relevant to many studies within the field. The article concludes with considerations of the necessarily multidisciplinary nature of historical sociolinguistics, and invites authors from various research traditions to submit original research articles to the journal, and thus help to further the development of the fascinating field of historical sociolinguistics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that becoming a parent/carer can be seen as a new field of social relations and suggest how gender is the key mechanism in the reconfiguration of class relations in this field.
Abstract: This paper argues that becoming a parent/carer can be seen as a new field of social relations and suggests how gender is the key mechanism in the reconfiguration of class relations in this field. By conceptualising parenthood as a field, that is a social world with specific stakes and rules, this study suggests that residential decisions and strategies developed by different middle-class households do not solely depend on their class habitus, but also on gendered positions and dispositions in respect to division of labour, child care and school choice. Drawing on interview data from London and Amsterdam, this study re-addresses the issue of middle–class time-space trajectories at a specific period in the life course. We contend that the middle classes are not just differentiated by various orientations of capital (economic versus cultural) but that interaction of class and gender is also key for understanding practices of the middle classes as they enter the field of parenthood. These practices are strongly influenced by labour market and welfare regimes (as the Netherlands/England comparison makes clear). In the new field of parenthood the work of realigning class habitus (through social reproduction) is highly gendered, but to different degrees that are made evident in the different neighbourhood settings. In terms of urban space this points to the significance of the particular neighbourhood structure and opportunities of the city as a whole as well as a more active idea of the role of space in the particular working out of class and gender in specific neighbourhood contexts. Urban space is a situating framework and an active process in trajectories of social reproduction.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors pointed out that "Datasets in the field of ethnic politics still tend to treat ethnic groups as unitary actors and do not differentiate between the positions of the organizations representing these groups".
Abstract: Datasets in the field of ethnic politics still tend to treat ethnonational groups as unitary actors and do not differentiate between the positions of the organizations representing these groups. Da...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw empirical attention to the relationship between legitimacy and reputation in institutionalized fields and find that Norwegian hospitals find themselves in a strongly institutionalized field and that reputation is highly correlated with legitimacy.
Abstract: This paper seeks to draw empirical attention to the relationship between legitimacy and reputation in institutionalized fields. Norwegian hospitals find themselves in a strongly institutionalized f ...