Showing papers on "Fish oil published in 1983"

The influence of different types of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood lipids and platelet function in healthy volunteers.

Abstract: 1. Five healthy subjects took a daily supplement of 20 ml of linseed oil for 2 weeks. After a break of at least 6 weeks, the same subjects took a similar amount of MaxEPA (a fish oil fraction) for 2 weeks. The linseed oil supplement provided 9.38 g of linolenic acid (18:3 ω3) and the MaxEPA supplement provided 3.03 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 ω3) and 2.93 g of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 ω3). The effects of the supplements on plasma lipid concentrations and on the fatty acid composition of platelet phosphoglycerides were studied. 2. In a second experiment, five male subjects took 5, 10 and 20 g of MaxEPA/day in random order for 3 week periods; each experimental period was separated by a break of at least 6 weeks. These doses of MaxEPA provided 0.83, 1.67 and 3.33 g of 20:5 ω3 and 0.80, 1.61 and 3.22 g 22:6 ω3 respectively. The effects of these supplements on plasma lipid concentrations, the fatty acid composition of platelet phosphoglycerides, template bleeding time and platelet aggregation induced by collagen and the prostaglandin analogue compound U46619 were studied. 3. In the platelet lipids, the proportion of 20:5 ω3 was increased by the 20 ml linseed oil supplement but the increase was small compared with the increase brought about by even 5 g of MaxEPA/day. The proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4 ω3) was substantially decreased by the MaxEPA supplement but not by the linseed oil supplement. The ratio of 20:4 ω6/20:5 ω3 fell from 32:1 in the control periods to 11:1 with 5 g, 7:1 with 10 g and 5:1 with 20 g of MaxEPA/day. The MaxEPA supplement also led to increases in the proportions of 22:5 ω3 and 22:6 ω3 and decreases in those of 20:3 ω6 and 22:4 ω6. 4. Bleeding times tended to be prolonged with the MaxEPA supplement but did not follow any dose-dependent trend. Platelet aggregation induced by both collagen and compound U46619 was not inhibited in vitro . 5. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lowered by the MaxEPA supplement but not by the linseed oil supplement. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were substantially lowered by 10 g and 20 g of MaxEPA/day. Total plasma cholesterol concentrations were slightly lowered and HDL cholesterol concentrations were slightly increased by 20 g of MaxEPA/day. No other significant differences were noted.

The effect of N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hemostasis, blood lipids and blood pressure.

Abstract: Diverging results from studies of marine oil supplementation to western diets initiated the undertaking of a double-blind crossover study, with administration to healthy volunteers for 4 weeks of either 10 g of fish oil or 10 g of vegetable oil Each oil containing approx 40% of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) respectively During the n-3 PUFA period, systolic blood pressure, plasma total lipids, triglycerides and VLDL concentrations fell significantly whereas plasma antithrombin-III (AT-III) rose Cutaneous bleeding time increased significantly In contrast only AT-III rose during the n-6 PUFA feeding, however, more marked than during the n-3 oil period It is concluded that a n-3 PUFA oil supplement to the western diet exerts an effect that generally is considered as beneficial in terms of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases It is in this respect superior to that of n-6 PUFA, stressing the necessity of a more differentiated approach to advice on dietary PUFA enrichment than presently is exerted

Production of health food egg

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce a health food egg capable of lowering the blood cholesterol level, and preventing or remedying the hypertension and thrombosis, by emulsifying an ω3-type highly unsaturated fatty acid in drinking water, and administering the water to a laying hen. CONSTITUTION: An ω3-type highly unsaturated fatty acid, or fish oil or its ester containing said fatty acid, is emulsified with an O/W-type emulsifier, preferably a glycerol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, etc., and the emulsion is added to the drinking water for a laying hen. The concentration of the ω3-type highly unsaturated fatty acid in the drinking water is 0.1W3%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Influence of fish on the bioavailability of plant iron in the anemic rat

Abstract: The effect of fish protein and fish oil on the utilization of endogenous iron in wheat bran, spinach and soy protein isolate was investigated by using the anemic rat as an animal model. Marine products were substituted for casein and corn oil in the diets of these animals. Hemoglobin regeneration was one criteria used to measure iron uptake. Relative biological values (RBV) were computed from a regression equation obtained from control animals receiving graded levels of FeSO4 X 7H2O. The RBV of iron from plant sources provided in diets containing casein-corn oil versus fish-fish oil were: wheat bran, 123 vs. 111%; spinach, 53 vs. 49%; and soybean isolate, 84 vs. 67%; RBV FeSO4 = 100%. These changes were not significant. The decreases in iron absorption from diets containing marine products was attributed to the fish oil. Absorption of exogenous iron (59Fe) was measured in the same animals after the 14-day repletion period. Assimilation of the 59Fe was highly correlated (r2 = 0.958) with hemoglobin level at time of dosing. Diet composition did not appear to have the same effect on the percentage of 59Fe retained after 110 hours by the rat as compared to levels of hemoglobin regeneration (i.e., RBV). A "meat factor" effect was not shown by substituting fish for casein the diets containing plant iron sources fed anemic rats.

Hydrogenation of a menhaden oil: I. Fatty acid and C20 monoethylenic isomer compositions as a function of the degree of hydrogenation

Abstract: US menhaden oil is rich in long-chain polyethylenic fatty acids, chiefly C20 (eicosapentaenoic) and C22 (docosahexaenoic) fatty acids, unlike Canadian herring oil, which is rich in long-chain (C20 and C22) monoethylenic fatty acids. An examination of the product fatty acids from hydrogenation of menhaden oil therefore comple-ments studies previously published for herring oil. During a commer-cial hydrogenation of menhaden oil, iodine value (IV) 159.0, on nickel catalyst, samples were collected at IV 150.0, 140.0, 131.5, 120.5, 96.5, 90.0 and 84.5. The fatty acid compositions were deter-mined using a combination of mercuric adduct fractionation and gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analyses, and the totaltrans content by infrared spectroscopy. The partial hydrogenation resulted in the disappearance of the pentaenoic and hexaenoic fatty acids, a de-crease in tetraenes, and a definite increase in trienes, 8.3% at IV 84.5 compared to 4.2% at IV 159.0. The dienoic fatty acids in-creased to 13.2% at IV 84.5 compared to 4.1% at IV 159.0, and the monoenoic fatty acids increased to 34.2% from 24.0%. No impor-tant changes in the saturated acids were observed, 43.8% at IV 84.5 compared to 41.6% at IV 159.0. The totaltrans content varied from 3.4% at IV 150.0 to 45.1% at an IV of 84.5. The isomer composi-tions of thecis andtrans C20 monoethylenic fatty acids were deter-mined using a combination of preparative GLC, AgNO3 thin layer chromatography and ozonolysis. Thecis 20:1 acids at IV 84.5 still retained 27.5% of the major isomer (All) originally present at 72%. The parent A5, A8, All, A14 and A17 bonds of the 20:5 originally present could be detected in thecis 20:1 isomers at IV 96.5 but not at IV 84.5. At IV 84.5, 58% of the 20:1was trans, the major isomer being All (9.4% of total 20.1), accompanied by important quanti-ties of Δ10 and Δ12, respectively, 6.9% and 6.6% of the total 20:1.

Determination of selenium, arsenic, iodine and bromine in fish, plant and mammalian oils by cyclic instrumental neutron activation analysis

Abstract: The concentrations of arsenic, selenium, iodine and bromine in a series of fish, plant and mammalian oils have been determined by cyclic instrumental neutron activation analysis (CINAA). Crude fish oils contain between 0.047 and 0.151 μg Se g−1, 2.36–14.5 μg As g−1, 2.36–9.63 μg Br g−1 and 0.97–4.76 μgI g−1. Seal oil contains the same four elements, but at levels below the lower end of the fish oil ranges. Iodine, bromine and arsenic were not detected in rape-seed or soybean oils and the concentration of selenium varied from < 0.010 to 0.042 μg g−1. The levels of selenium, iodine and bromine are reduced markedly by hydrogenation of the menhaden oils. The CINAA method yielded results which were in agreement with pub-lished values obtained by other methods. The technique was rapid, requiring minimal sample manipulation, and was essentially free from interferences.

Production of food enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the titled food free from the smell of fish oil and greasiness to the palate, by emulsifying refined fish oil or an oil or fat composed mainly of refined fish oil and containing more than specific amount of eicosapentaenoic acid, with a specific amount of an aqueous solution of hydrophilic protein in the form of an O/W-type emulsion. CONSTITUTION: (A) A refined fish oil or an oil or fat composed mainly of refined fish oil and containing ≥10% eicosapentaenoic acid is mixed with (B) ≥2%, based on the oil or fat, of an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic protein, and emulsified in the form of an O/W-type emulsion. The emulsion is used as a part of the food raw material. The emulsion can be stored by sterilizing at high temperature e.g. by direct steam blasting, etc. and sealing in an aseptic bag. The emulsion prepared by this process can be taken directly because the smell of the fish oil is suppressed by the protein. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Paste fat and oil composition for preparing cake and bread

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide paste fats and oils for preparing cakes and breads, having improved dispersibility, by adding a lower fatty acid ester of sucrose higher fatty acid ester to an edible oil as a main component, adjusting the blend to make a specific solid fat index number. CONSTITUTION:0.05-10.0wt% sucrose higher fatty acid ester whose unreacted hydroxyl group is esterified with a lower fatty acid such as acetic acid, butyric acid, etc. is added to an edible oil such as soybean oil, colza oil, palm oil, corn oil, beef tallow, lard, fish oil, etc., to give a paste fat and oil composition for preparing cakes and breads having a solid fat index number of 10-30 at 20 deg.C, 5-25 at 30 deg.C and 2-20 at 35 deg.C.

Studies on the nutrition of brackish water catfish - Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus . 1. Preliminary investigations on the probable use of vegetable oil in catfish feeds

Abstract: Four groups of brackishwater catfish were fed four diets: N.F. (NIOMR formula 1 feed), A. B. and C. for seven weeks. Feeds N.F., A., B and C. contained 1.21% fish oil + 5.59% vegetable oil; 1.21% fish oil + 7.39% vegetable oil; 1.21% fish oil + 9.09% vegetable oil; 1.21% fish oil + 10.89% vegetable oil respectively. Results of feeding trial showed that growth was best in the group fed diets containing 10.89% vegetable oil and least in those containing 9.09% vegetable oil

Deodorization of deep-sea fish oil

Abstract: PURPOSE:To remove the fishy smell of deep-sea fish oil, in high efficiency, keeping the melting point and other physical properties unchanged, by treating the oil with yeast or yeast and an aqueous solution of saccharides. CONSTITUTION:A deep-sea fish oil is brought into contact with >=10wt%, preferably 20-50wt% baker's yeast and yeast cells such as moistened dry yeast for 3-6hr, or with >=10wt% yeast cells and 50-100wt% aqueous solution of saccharides having a concentration of 5-50wt%.

Effects of feeding mustard oil diets on the collagen biosynthesis in various tissues of male rats.

Abstract: 30 rats were divided into 3 groups to study the effects of erucic-acid-rich mustard oil (MO) and MO plus fish oil and carnitine (MOFOC) diet as compared to groundnut oil (GNO) diet on the collagen biosynthesis in various tissues. Changes in collagen content and monoamine oxidase (MAO) of hearts, aorta, skeletal muscles, lungs and skin were determined after 24, 60 and 80 days of feeding, respectively. Incorporation of U-14C-proline into collagen of these tissues was also studied. MO diets increased the incorporation of U-14C-proline into total and acid-insoluble collagen in heart, skeletal muscles and lungs but this increase was of lower magnitude in heart and skeletal muscles as compared with MOFOC diet. Total and acid-insoluble collagen contents in all these tissues, except skin, were increased by MO diet and MOFOC diet retarded this increase. Similar trends were observed in the activities of MAO. The results suggest that the MO diet increases both the biosynthesis and maturation of collagen and MOFOC diet retards this trend. The response of various tissues being variable in this respect.