Fish oil

About: Fish oil is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9887 publications have been published within this topic receiving 367953 citations. The topic is also known as: fish oils & Fish oil.

Microencapsulation and oxidative stability of spray-dried fish oil emulsions

Abstract: Emulsions of menhaden oil and sodium caseinate (NaCas) incorporating carbohydrates of varying dextrose equivalence (DE) were spray-dried to yield encapsulated fish oil powders. The effects of carbohydrate DE (5.5-38), core/wall ratio and NaCas/carbohydrate ratio on microencapsulation efficiency (ME) and oxidative stability of spray-dried emulsions were examined. The effect of alpha-tocopherol or Trolox C addition on the oxidative stability of herring oil emulsions and powders was also determined. ME of fish oil powders was greater than 90% in most cases. Peroxide value (PV) of menhaden oil powders decreased on increasing the DE of carbohydrates. PV of menhaden oil powders increased as core/wall ratio increased from 0.33-1.0. NaCas/DE 28 ratio did not affect PV values of powders. The addition of alpha-tocopherol or Trolox C decreased PV throughout the storage period; this effect was most pronounced for alpha-tocopherol added to the oil at a concentration of 100 ppm. Addition of alpha-tocopherol delays the onset of oxidation in stored fish oil powders.

Lipoprotein Lipases, Lipoproteins and Tissue Lipids in Rats Fed Fish Oil or Coconut Oil

Abstract: The effect of fish oil and coconut oil on plasma lipoproteins and lipoprotein-catabolizing enzymes [lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic endothelial lipase (HL)] was studied in rats. Male rats were fed for 4 wk purified diets containing equienergetic, amounts of either coconut oil (group A), coconut oil:fish oil, 50:50 (group B) or fish oil (group C). Whole plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were appreciably lower in group C than in group A, mainly due to a fall in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and subgroup 2 of high density lipoprotein (HDL2), with less consistent changes in LDL and HDL3. VLDL components of group B were also considerably lower than corresponding ones in group A. LPL and HL activities were about 50% lower in groups B and C than in group A. Increased hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were observed in groups B and C. It is suggested that the decrease in LPL and HL activity of fish oil-fed rats may be an adaptive response to the low concentration of the substrate (triacylglycerols) for these enzymes.

Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oils: differential associations with lipid responses

Abstract: Fish-oil supplementation can reduce circulating triacylglycerol (TG) levels and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess independent associations between changes in platelet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fasting and postprandial (PP) lipoprotein concentrations and LDL oxidation status, following fish-oil intervention. Fifty-five mildly hypertriacylglycerolaemic (TG 1.5-4.0 mmol/l) men completed a double-blind placebo controlled cross over study, where individuals consumed 6 g fish oil (3 g EPA+DHA) or 6 g olive oil (placebo)/d for two 6-week intervention periods, with a 12-week wash-out period in between. Fish-oil intervention resulted in a significant increase in the platelet phospholipid EPA (+491 %, P<0.001) and DHA (+44 %, P<0.001) content and a significant decrease in the arachidonic acid (-10 %, P<0.001) and gamma-linolenic acid (-24 %, P<0.001) levels. A 30 % increase in ex vivo LDL oxidation (P<0.001) was observed. In addition, fish oil resulted in a significant decrease in fasting and PP TG levels (P<0.001), PP non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, and in the percentage LDL as LDL-3 (P=0.040), and an increase in LDL-cholesterol (P=0.027). In multivariate analysis, changes in platelet phospholipid DHA emerged as being independently associated with the rise in LDL-cholesterol, accounting for 16 % of the variability in this outcome measure (P=0.030). In contrast, increases in platelet EPA were independently associated with the reductions in fasting (P=0.046) and PP TG (P=0.023), and PP NEFA (P=0.015), explaining 15-20 % and 25 % of the variability in response respectively. Increases in platelet EPA+DHA were independently and positively associated with the increase in LDL oxidation (P=0.011). EPA and DHA may have differential effects on plasma lipids in mildly hypertriacylglycerolaemic men.