Fish oil

About: Fish oil is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9887 publications have been published within this topic receiving 367953 citations. The topic is also known as: fish oils & Fish oil.

A randomized controlled study of evening primrose oil and fish oil in ulcerative colitis.

Abstract: In a placebo-controlled study, 43 patients with stable ulcerative colitis were randomized to receive either MaxEPA (n = 16), super evening primrose oil (n = 19), or olive oil as placebo (n = 8) for 6 months, in addition to their usual treatment. Treatment with MaxEPA increased red-cell membrane concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 3 months by three-fold and at 6 months by four-fold (both P < 0.01), and doubled docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels at 6 months (P < 0.05). Treatment with super evening primrose oil increased red-cell membrane concentrations of dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) by 40% at 6 months (P < 0.05), whilst treatment with placebo reduced levels of DGLA and DHA at 6 months (both P < 0.05). Clinical outcome was assessed by patient diary cards, sigmoidoscopy and histology of rectal biopsy specimens. Super evening primrose oil significantly improved stool consistency compared to MaxEPA and placebo at 6 months, and this difference was maintained 3 months after treatment was discontinued (P < 0.05). There was however, no difference in stool frequency, rectal bleeding, disease relapse, sigmoidoscopic appearance or rectal histology in the three treatment groups. Despite manipulation of cell-membrane fatty acids, fish oils do not exert a therapeutic effect in ulcerative colitis, while evening primrose oil may be of some benefit.

Effects of a lipid emulsion containing fish oil on polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles, growth and morbidities in extremely premature infants: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract: Summary Background & aims The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the parenteral emulsion SMOFlipid ® , with 15% fish oil, with Clinoleic ® on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other morbidities and growth, and to compare their impact on longitudinal serum levels of fatty acids. Retinopathy of prematurity, other morbidity and growth were correlated with each parenteral lipid supplement. Methods Ninety infants born at gestational age ® or Clinoleic ® . Two thirds (66%) of the infants received parenteral nutrition for up to 14 days birth (median 8, range 2–14 days), and additional 25% of the infants received for up to 28 days after birth (median 21, range 15–28 days). Cord blood samples and then venous blood samples were obtained at ages 1, 7, 14, and 28 days and at postmenstrual age (PMA) 32, 36, and 40 weeks. Breastmilk was collected at postnatal day 7, and at PMA 32 and 40 weeks. Serum phospholipid and breastmilk total fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Treatment groups were compared with regard to ROP, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus sepsis and growth between birth and 36 weeks. Results Infants on SMOFlipid ® had higher fractions of omega-3 LCPUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and slightly higher omega-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fraction and a decreased arachidonic acid (AA) to DHA ratio from one week after birth up to 32 postmenstrual weeks compared to infants on Clinoleic ® . Treatment groups did not differ in morbidities or growth. Conclusion Supplementation with SMOFlipid ® containing 15% fish oil during parenteral nutrition increased EPA substantially, DHA marginally, reduced AA and decreased AA to DHA ratio. It did not reduce morbidity or affect growth. Since extremely preterm infants accumulate a large deficit of DHA and AA, studies on more prolonged or different levels of DHA and AA supplementation are warranted.

Plasma levels of a novel noncyclooxygenase-derived prostanoid (8-isoprostane) correlate with severity of liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease.

Abstract: We used the intragastric feeding rat model for alcoholic liver disease to investigate the relationship between pathological severity and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measurement, in plasma, of a novel noncyclooxygenase-derived prostanoid (8-isoprostane). Six groups of animals fed ethanol and different dietary fats (saturated fat, corn oil and fish oil) were sacrificed at 1 month. Histological liver examination, plasma measurements of 8-isoprostane and measurements of microsomal conjugated dienes were carried out. Animals fed fish oil and ethanol developed the most severe liver injury and had the highest 8-isoprostane levels in plasma (919 +/- 112 pg/ml). These levels were significantly higher than the levels seen in the corn oil-ethanol (498 +/- 105 pg/ml) (P < 0.02) and saturated fat-ethanol (28.6 +/- 11.8 pg/ml) (P < .001) groups. Rats fed saturated fat and dextrose and corn oil and dextrose had levels of < 20 pg/ml. However rats fed fish oil and dextrose had, on average, 8-isoprostane levels about 100-fold higher than those seen in the saturated fat-dextrose and corn oil-dextrose groups. A significant correlation between pathological severity and plasma 8-isoprostane levels was seen in the fish oil (r = 0.92, P < .001) and non-fish oil-treated groups (r = 0.94, P < .001). A significant correlation also was seen between 8-isoprostane levels and liver microsomal conjugated dienes (r = 0.93, P < .001). Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation in ethanol-fed rats contributes to pathological liver injury.