Showing papers on "Fishing published in 1974"

Batho-spatial distribution pattern and biomass estimate of the major demersal fishes in Lake Victoria

Abstract: A generalized bottom trawl exploratory survey was carried out on Lake Victoria to: (i) define the distributional pattern and magnitude of the lakewide demersal stocks, (ii) determine the commercial potential of Haplochromis spp. and (iii) evaluate trawling as a commercial fishing technique for Lake Victoria fisheries. Preliminary results suggest that: (i) bottom trawl catches are more representative of the stocks, (ii) species diversification and fish density decrease with increasing mean depth and (iii) at least 80%of the catchable demersal ichthyomass is Haplochromis. Though bottom trawling is a much more efficient fishing technique for the Lake Victoria fisheries, bio-socio-economic consideration impose that mechanization of the fishery should better proceed in graded steps. Besides demographic and nutritional considerations indicate the necessity for rational management and increased direct human utilization of the fishery resource.

Fish Bulletin 162. Pelagic Fish Surveys In The California Current

Abstract: The California Department of Fish and Game started routinely acoustically surveying the smaller schooling pelagic fish resources in the California Current System in 1966. This report covers the first 6.5 years of these surveys (1966–1973). The purpose of these surveys was to determine the abundance, distribution, availability, and other pertinent biological information of the commercially important northern anchovy, jack mackerel, Pacific sardine, and Pacific mackerel. Latent resource species including Pacific saury, Pacific hake, squid, and pelagic red crab also were surveyed. The principal technique consisted of running acoustic transects with a horizontal ranging sonar and vertical echo sounder during daylight hours and fishing a midwater trawl at night. Results show the northern anchovy grossly dominates all other species in terms of biomass and abundance with the southern California-northern Baja California region containing most of the total population. Although it was not possible to determine absolute population size, results indicate the estimates of 2 to 6 million tons made from egg and larvae surveys are reasonable. Behavior and availability studies indicate that although the anchovy population is large, its vulnerability to harvest by the present commercial fishery varies considerably from year to year as well as seasonally. Most of the common schooling behaviors are unfavorable for effective harvest by roundhaul net. Only a small portion of the population is harvestable during any particular time period. Acoustic surveys were much less effective for estimating abundance of Pacific sardines, Pacific mackerel, and jack mackerel. The distribution of jack mackerel was patchy with nearly all significant concentrations located at a limited number of rocky banks and island coasts. Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel population levels in California were apparently too low to assess. There were indications of larger populations of both species in Baja California. of the latent resource species under survey, pelagic red crabs and market squid appear to be the most favorable for future exploitation. However, the crabs are located almost entirely within Mexican territorial waters and the vulnerability of squid for large scale harvest is uncertain.

Relationship of Fishing Mortality to Natural Mortality at the Level of Maximum Sustainable Yield Under the Logistic Stock Production Model

Abstract: The often-used approximation that, for a stock of fish under exploitation, the instantaneous fishing mortality rate equals the instantaneous natural mortality rate at the point of the maximum susta...

Fish as forbidden food: The case of India

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the avoidance of fish as human food in the Indian subcontinent and nearby areas, from a cultural and historical point of view. Three factors are identified that now influence, or may have once influenced people to avoid fish. First there is the view that fish are dirty creatures and that fishing and fish‐eating are low‐class activities; this is especially common in areas of nomadic tradition. Second there is belief in sacred water and sacred fish, in connection with the worship of particular deities such as Vishnu. There is also a commitment to ahlmsa and vegetarianism, concepts prominent in Jainism and other religions of Indian origin, and observed according to a person's role, class, and sectarian affiliation. The manifestation of attitudes against fishing and fish‐eating are considered, and the conclusion is reached that the above and other historical, sociocultural, and ecological factors must be weighed in order to gain a balanced view of fish use and use of other potenti...

Environmental and Technical Factors Influencing Power in Work Organizations: Ocean Fishing in Peasant Societies

Abstract: ocean fishing work organizations located in eleven complex peasant agricultural societies finds in each case that laborers in fishing have relatively high power and rewards regardless of the position of laborers in agricultural work organizations. Three technical and environmental differences between fishing and farming can account for these authority differences: greater isolation of workplace, demands for coordination, and physical risks in fishing.

Food of the Larval Anchoveta Engraulis ringens J.

Abstract: The Peruvian fisheries have developed very quickly during the last ten years, resulting in Peru becoming the foremost fishing country in the world The fishery is largely based on the anchoveta Engraulis vingens J, a pelagic fish sufficiently abundant to support catches of up to 10 × 106, tons, although 12,000,000 TM were taken in 1970

Past trends, present stocks and possible future state of the fisheries of the Tanzania part of the Lake Victoria

Abstract: The Tanzania part of Lake Victoria is the most important single fishery resource for the country. Past fishing practice caused disparity between the relative abundance in the catches and in the available stocks by overfishing some species while under-fishing others. Preliminary studies of distribution pattern, biomass estimates, etc, as derived from bollom trawl exploratory data, and the trend of the commercial catch statistics from 1958 to 1970, suggest that many of the commercially preferred species may not have the biotic potential 10 sustain higher yields under present ecological and fishing regimes. Haplochromis and a few other fish might be the only hope. Geographic extension of fishing to deeper waters may not be very promising as species diversificarion and fish density decline with depth. To develop and manage the fisheries, make full use of the resource and ensure economic and biological perpetuation of thc fishery, the appropriate fishing strategy cannot be properly developcd overnight.

Play it Again Sam — an Essay on Salmon Enhancement

Abstract: For more than 100 years efforts have been made to increase the abundance of the various species of Pacific salmon. The success of these ventures is largely a matter of conjecture because the scale of natural fluctuations is sufficient to mask the effect of human intervention. No well-defined program for salmon enhancement has yet been developed for British Columbia as a whole. This is mainly attributable to the pressures for providing protection for the existing stocks in the circumstances of an intensive fishery and increasing effects of other resource uses.From a social point of view, salmon enhancement is a highly desirable activity. Salmon occupy a special place in the culture of residents of the Pacific coast. Salmon arc economically valuable and salmon fishing provides a rich source of employment. Recreational fisheries are valuable but their true economic worth is difficult to judge. Benefit:cost ratios for salmon enhancement should be calculated for whole programs rather than for individual projec...

Floating fishing device

Abstract: The invention comprises a buoyant body provided with two fishing lines with internal spring-loaded reels to take in the lines individually upon the triggering thereof by a fish. Should both lines be hit at once, the fish in effect wear each other out until the lines are reeled in. The fisherman, who may or may not have a line attached to the device, follows the body around the surface of the water in a boat until the fish have been reeled in completely.

Automatic fish hook setter

Abstract: An automatic fish hook setter which includes a tubular support for the butt of a fishing pole. The tubular butt support is pivotally mounted and has a spring arranged to counteract the normal pull of the fishline but allow the pole to drop when fish pulls on the bait. A second pivotal mounting for the tubular support is maintained rigidly by a toggle brace and a spring is provided for moving the tubular support sharply downwardly when the toggle brace is moved out of alignment. An operating arm on the tubular support engages the toggle brace to move the toggle brace out of alignment when the bait is pulled on by a fish.

Estimation of the Fraction of Anglers Returning Tags

Abstract: The reciprocal of the slope of the regression of force of total mortality on force of reported fishing mortality provides an estimate of the percent of tags returned from tagged fish which are caught. Necessary conditions for the validity of this procedure are presented. An example of the technique is given.

Night-time fishing alarm

Abstract: According to the invention, a visual fishing alarm is provided in which an electric light source is automatically energized responsive to a strike or bite by a fish. The device is secured to a flexible fishing pole which flexure is responsible for energizing the light source. The means securing the device to the pole permits variation in the angularity of the device with respect to the pole.

Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California

Abstract: The protection, propagation, and wise utilization of California's living marine resources (established as common property by statute, Section 1600, Fish and Game Code) is dependent upon the welding of biological, environmental, economic, and sociological factors. Fundamental to each of these factors, as well as the entire management process, are harvest records. The California Department of Fish and Game began gathering commercial fisheries landing data in 1916. Commercial fish catches were first published in 1929 for the years 1926 and 1927. This report, the 32nd in the landing series, is for the calendar year 1972. It summarizes commercial fishing activities in marine as well as fresh waters and includes the catches of the sportfishing partyboat fleet. Preliminary landing data are published annually in the circular series which also enumerates certain fishery products produced from the catch. The 1972 figures are contained in Circular No. 47, Statistical Report of Fresh, Canned, Cured and Manufactured Fishery Products for 1972 (Bell, 1973). California's fishery statistics are based on a system whereby fish dealers, processors, and operators of sportfishing partyboats send duplicate copies of their landing records to the Department. The system and methods used to collect commercial fishing records were fully described in Fish Bulletin 86, which reported the catch for 1950. In the intervening years, methods and equipment have been modified as conditions warranted, but the basic principles remain unchanged. Parke Young (1969) described the partyboat fishing log system in Fish Bulletin 145. ================================= Common names of the more important fishes have been designated by the California Department of Fish and Game for many years. The original purpose was to assist in collecting accurate catch statistics. For the Department to understand the State's many fisheries it is essential that the catch of each species be known. A consistent terminology on the part of both the commercial fishing industry and the sportsman is of great importance in the collection of catch records since confusion and inaccuracy result when a particular species is listed by different names in different parts of California or if a certain common name refers to any of several species. In California as elsewhere in the world, common nomenclature of marine organisms did not grow up with the language as in Europe or Asia. The people who settled here naturally named things because of similarities—either real or apparent, superficial or significant—to familiar species in their homeland. As a result when California initiated its recording system for commercial landings in 1916, the need for more uniform terminology with respect to common names became readily evident. A chaotic situation existed with a given species being identified by different names in different parts of the state, in different fisheries, or even in adjacent fish markets, and a number of species being referred to by a single name. While the present law specifically applies to commercial landings, the Department has designated common names to species taken by other than commercial fishermen in an effort to insure uniformity in State publications and records, and in an attempt to attain common usage on the part of all fishermen.

Sonic fishing lures

Abstract: A fishing lure which emits sounds for attracting fish of various species to its vicinity includes a hollow spinner body having coacting resilient wires and plates mounted therein to provide the sounds when the body is rotated in water.

Fishing under troubled waters: The northeast asia fisheries controversy∗

Abstract: Japanese fishing in the coastal waters of China and Korea has often caused serious disputes and was, at times, held by these two countries as a political pawn against Japan. Fishery disputes between Japan and Korea date from the fifteenth century, but culminated in an unprecedented hostility over fourteen years up to 1965. The fisheries agreement of 1965 restored peace between the parties, but is in need of review. Since 1955 fishery relations between China and Japan are regulated by nongovernmental arrangements. Preparations are under way for a formal agreement, whereupon Japan will seek to remove some of the restrictions imposed on its fishermen by China. An ideal method to regulate fishing in such enclosed waters as the Yellow and East China Seas is to conclude a multilateral treaty. Apart from the political relations among the coastal states, the outcome of the Third Law of the Sea Conference may improve the prospect.

Fish Weirs and Traps

Abstract: Undoubtedly the trapping offish is one of the oldest methods of fishing known to man and throughott the country, in rivers and along the coast, may be seen the remains of stone or wattle weirs, many of them erected centuries ago for the capture of salmon and other fish. In Wales the widespread occurrence of the word gored as well as other names associated with the artificial damming of the flow of water, give some indication of the importance of weirs in the economic history of rural Wales. The two most common names for weirs are argae and cored. Argae does not always refer to fishing weirs for it could refer to a weir built in association with a mill, but the word cored on the other hand refers invariably to fishing weirs, especially those constructed of plaited withies. The Welsh word for a pool specifically named for fishing is pysgodlyn (pysgod = fish + llyn = pool) and there is evidence to suggest that pools of this type were commonplace in the Middle Ages, especially in association with the ...

The potential for clupeid fishery in Lake Kainji, Nigeria

Abstract: The potential for a clupcid fishery in Lake Kainji has been examined using both experimental fishing samples and the results obtained from those of the commercial fishermen. A total annual production of 1,400 tons has been estimated. In money terms, this amounls to N198.800 (£99,400) per annum. This production has been sustained by the abundant zooplankton food available the year round on the lake. Recommendations for the effective methods of cropping clupeids were made, bearing in mind the need to maintain the fishery on a sustained yield basis. The place of c1upeids in the ecology of the lake was examined and on the basis of the evidence available it was recommended that Pellonula afzeluisi could be exploited on a large commercial scale without any adverse effects on the fishery in the lake.

Exploratory trawl fishing in Bombay - SaurashtraWaters during 1968-70

Abstract: The paper deals with the exploratory trawl fishing conducted in Bombay- Saurashtra waters by the Bombay-based vessels of the now Exploratory Fisheries Project, Government of India, during 1968-70. The detailed study is based on the trawling data in respect of M. T. KALYANI IV and M. T. KALYANI V, as tlKse vessels have done extensive fishing, covering larger number of areas frwn Goa to Dwaraka, used the same type of gear and have identical specifications. The areawise abundance and seasonal distribution of 10 categories of fishes in 8 major areas, where a fishing effort of more than 100 h each was expended, are examined. The monthly variation in abundance and depthwise distribution of 5 groups of quality fishes in two most intensively fished areas (18-72 and 19-71) and in one area (22-68) rich in these fishes are studied. The results of these studies are compared with, and discussed in the light of the earlier findings.

Fishing and the fishing industry

Abstract: World fish resources, fishing methods, and processing operations in the seafood industry are described. The fishery situation in developing countries (LDCs) is discussed, with particular reference to artisanal and other local fisheries, and examples are cited to illustrate the structure of the industry. Technology transfer from developed countries to LDCs is discussed and recommendations are presented for future technology transfer programs. It is concluded that an integrated complex of small projects with defined, attainable objectives and immediate impact on income and food supply of the LDC populations is likely to be more successful than large‐scale programs with little immediate payoff. A case study of fisheries in two developing countries, Thailand and Peru, and extensive tabulation of statistical data on catches, value of catch, and unit value of fish species groups for selected countries, with a discussion of the significance of the data, are presented in an appendix.

Significance of Egg and Larval Surveys in the Studies of Population Dynamics of Fish

Abstract: The Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanosticta (Temminck and Schlegel), used to be one of the most important species of fish for the Japanese coastal fisheries, the catch amounting to 1,586,000 tons in 1936. However, the catch has declined since then and reached a minimum of 155,000 tons in 1945 (Kurita and Tanaka, 1956). After the war the nationwide Cooperative Iwashi Resources Investigations1 was started in 1949 to investigate the decline of the catch and to obtain scientific information for resource management and fishing forecasting (Nakai et al., 1955). The Investigations consisted of three main elements: a survey of the catch and effort statistics, a shore-based statistical survey (length and age data, etc.) at the fishing ports, and a survey at sea for eggs, larvae and hydrographic data, etc. The first aspect was discontinued after 1951 when the Statistics and Survey Division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry commenced a survey of catch and effort statistics under a new system.