Showing papers on "Fishing published in 1985"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the causes and consequences of individual variation in catch in a commercial purse seine fishery and a recreational hook and line fishery, and found that the catch is highly concentrated in the recreational fishery with a small proportion of frequent anglers catching a large portion of the fish.
Abstract: Most fisheries problems arise from a failure to understand and manage fishermen, and that the study of fishermen should be a major part of fisheries research. The dynamic behavior of fishing fleets can be broken into four components: investment, movement, catching power, and discarding. The literature in each area is reviewed and the needed research described. The second part of this paper examines the causes and consequences of individual variation in catch in a commercial purse seine fishery and a recreational hook and line fishery. It is shown that the catch is highly concentrated in the recreational fishery with a small proportion of frequent anglers catching a large portion of the fish. Catch is more equitably distributed in the purse seine fishery. The consequence of individual variation includes the observation that small annual bag limits in the sport fishery could reduce the total catch significantly while leaving most anglers unaffected and the fact that buy back of the most successful vessels w...
306 citations
TL;DR: Words of the Lagoon as mentioned in this paper is an account of the pioneering work of a marine biologist to discover, test, and record the knowledge possessed by native fisherman of the Palau Islands of Micronesia.
Abstract: "Words of the Lagoon" is an account of the pioneering work of a marine biologist to discover, test, and record the knowledge possessed by native fisherman of the Palau Islands of Micronesia.
154 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: This publication presents the marine living resources of the Southern Ocean considered to be of interest to fisheries or of major importance for the conservation of the Antarctic environment, in the form of a practical, illustrated field guide following the format of the by non well-established series of FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes.
Abstract: FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes, southern ocean :fishing areas 48, 58, and 88, CCAMLR Convention area , FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes, southern ocean :fishing areas 48, 58, and 88... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
136 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The geographical position of India with the peninsular portion extending deep into the central part of the Indian Ocean gives her a locational advantage in marine fishing activities as discussed by the authors, however, India contributes only 1.6 million tonnes of fish landings of Indian Ocean, when viewed against the world production of 76 million tannes oJ marine fish.
Abstract: India has a long coast line of nearly 6,000 km with the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Laccadive Archipelago lying beyond her shores. The geographical position of India with the peninsular portion extending deep into the central part of the Indian Ocean gives her a locational advantage in marine fishing activities. At present though India contributes about 4096 of the fish landings of the Indian Ocean, when viewed against the world production of 76 million tannes oJ marine fish, her share is only 1.6 million tonnes represent ing less than 2%.
98 citations
01 Jan 1985
89 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution and movements of the Antarctic Cod, Dissostichus mawsoni, were monitored under shore-fast ice near Ross Island, Antarctica, by set-line fishing.
Abstract: The impact of Weddell Seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, on Antarctic marine fish communities appears to be influenced by the behaviour of the Seals, which concentrates predation temporally and spatially. Movements of prey species, possibly in response to the distribution of the Seals, may determine which members of the fish community are most affected by predation. The distribution and movements of the Antarctic Cod, Dissostichus mawsoni, were monitored under shore-fast ice near Ross Island, Antarctica, by set-line fishing. The distribution and the age of Weddell Seals were studied in the same area, in conjunction with long-term research dealing with the species’ population dynamics. During the austral spring adult Weddell Seals concentrate in discrete breeding colonies near the shore, while sub-adults remain scattered in small groups at isolated breathing holes throughout the fast-ice areas. Experimental fishing success for Antarctic Cod was related to distance of fishing sites from Weddell Seal breeding colonies. Adult Seals from both sides of McMurdo Sound leave their colonies in mid-December and gradually concentrate along the edge of the permanent ice-shelf, when fishing success decreases rapidly. The diet of Weddell Seals in November, January and February consists mostly of small nototheniid fish (Pleuragramma and Trematomus spp.), decapod and amphipod crustaceans, and cephalopods. Although Weddell Seals apparently exclude Antarctic Cod from their preferred fast-ice areas, the Cod do not appear to be an important food resource for more than a limited time in December.
75 citations
01 Jan 1985
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the Great Lakes fisheries of Ontario in Lakes Erie and St. Clair, and the kinds and diversity of limited property rights instituted in these areas: the formal and informal allocation of fishing areas and the allocation of quantitative fishing rights, all of which serve as mechanisms to solve the common property resource problem.
Abstract: Fish resources are generally considered common property and open to any user. This, the assumption goes, makes them susceptible to the “tragedy of the commons” in which selfish users are both the villains and the victims. While it is true that wild fish populations cannot readily be privatized, it hardly follows that they are completely open-access. In addition to social controls found in many traditional fishing communities, amply documented by anthropologists, many administrative controls in contemporary fisheries management also create limited property rights over fishery resources. This study focuses on Great Lakes fisheries of Ontario in Lakes Erie and St. Clair, and the kinds and diversity of limited property rights instituted in these areas: the formal and informal allocation of fishing areas, and the allocation of quantitative fishing rights (quotas), all of which serve as mechanisms to solve the common property resource problem. The Great Lakes fisheries suggest certain generalizations about the management of common property resources. The paper offers a “life-cycle” model of living resources use.
54 citations
TL;DR: Live fish capture by wild chacma baboons is described, with fish captured from drying desert pools and then covered with sand to immobilize active fish or to facilitate handling.
Abstract: Live fish capture by wild chacma baboons is described. Fish were captured from drying desert pools and then covered with sand to immobilize active fish or to facilitate handling. Possible reasons omnivorous primates elsewhere do not capture live fish are considered.
44 citations
TL;DR: The total annual catches of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in NAFO statistical areas 3-6 have declined steadily since 1968, and have not rebounded after management measures were implemented in the...
Abstract: Total annual catches of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in NAFO statistical areas 3–6 have declined steadily since 1968, and have not rebounded after management measures were implemented in the ...
43 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of sea-surface temperature charts for 1978-83 indicated that favorable conditions persist for salmon in January and April, implying that the eastern and southern Grand Bank region may represent not only the route by which maturing salmon migrate from the Labrador Sea to their home rivers in eastern Canada and northeastern United States but also a major feeding and overwintering area.
Abstract: Exploratory fishing with surface gillnets on the Grand Bank and eastward of the Bank over oceanic depths in May of 1979and 1980 revealed the presence of Atlantic salmon (Sa/rna safar L.) at most stations where surface temperatures ranged from 3.8° to 7.5° C. These temperatures were more prevalent in the oceanic area and salmon were found in greater abundance there than on the Grand Bank. Of 341 salmon which were caught, 169 were tagged and released after scales were taken for ageing. Information on tagging locations of three salmon which were caught with tags attached and the distribution of recaptures of 12 salmon from the offshore tagging indicated that the offshore population consisted of migrants from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Maine rivers. The sea-age composition of the catch and the gonad condition of the sampled catch indicated that some of the salmon were maturing to spawn as grilse which had spent only one winter at sea. Apart from their capture in coastal fisheries, this is the first record of grilse being caught in offshore areas of the Northwest Atlantic. Analysis of sea-surface temperature charts for 1978-83 indicated that favorable conditions (4° to 8° C water) persist for salmon in January and April, implying that the eastern and southern Grand Bank region may represent not only the route by which maturing salmon migrate from the Labrador Sea to their home rivers in eastern Canada and northeastern United States but also a major feeding and overwintering area. Comparison of catch rates of salmon from commercial and research fishing off West Greenland and in the Irminger Sea with those of the Grand Bank region implies that the feeding population east of the Grand Bank was quite large in 1980.
TL;DR: Sampling of catches in 1979 and 1980 showed that of 79 recorded species only 17 were important, and the paucity of historical line-fish catch records, the multispecies nature and the seasonality of the fishery make management problematical.
Abstract: The number of anglers and boats participating in the Eastern Cape ski-boat line fishery is high, and at the Port Elizabeth Deep-Sea Angling Club effort increased by a factor of 1,6 between 1975 and 1982. Ski-boat fishing is principally a weekend recreational activity, and estimated annual landings are only 37 per cent of commercial line-fish catches in the study area. It is, however, considered to be economically important in terms of equipment outlay (± R17 million) and running expenses (± Rl,65 million). Sampling of catches in 1979 and 1980 showed that of 79 recorded species only 17 were important. Ski-boaters compete with commercial line fishermen for target species, but there is little overlap with the trawl fishery. The paucity of historical line-fish catch records, the multispecies nature and the seasonality of the fishery make management problematical.
TL;DR: There were no significant relationships between mortality rate and mean catch per team, air temperature, or water temperature, and, in general, the teams with large catches had a lower proportion of dead fish in their catch.
Abstract: Data were collected for 18 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) fishing tournaments held on two Florida lakes from April 1983 through May 1984 to quantify catch and mortality rates and determine relationships between mortality rates and catch, air temperature, and water temperature. On the average, 23 two-angler teams participated in the tournaments. Mean catch per team was eight largemouth bass weighing 7.44 kg. Mean initial and estimated total mortality rates of the fish weighed in were 9 and 14%, respectively. The predicted number of fish harvested (killed) during an average tournament was only 16% of the estimated daily sport catch of large-mouth bass in these two lakes. There were no significant relationships between mortality rate and mean catch per team, air temperature, or water temperature. A low proportion of the anglers accounted for the majority of the mortality; and, in general, the teams with large catches had a lower proportion of dead fish in their catch. We suggest ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of estimating optimal fishing capacity for a developing fishery is discussed, using the methods of Bayesian decision analysis, and it is shown that quite good decisions can often be made on the basis of limited prior information as to fish stock productivity, particularly if a conservative approach allowing for subsequent inceases in capacity is employed.
Abstract: The problem of estimating optimal fishing capacity for a developing fishery is discussed, using the methods of Bayesian decision analysis. The results obtained indicate that quite good decisions can often be made on the basis of limited prior information as to fish stock productivity, particularly if a conservative approach allowing for subsequent inceases in capacity is employed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the human dimensions of recreational hunting and fishing from a longitudinal perspective, using six national surveys conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of the Interior every five years since 1955.
Abstract: This paper explores the human dimensions ofrecreational hunting and fishing from a longitudinal perspective. Several sociodemographic, recreation behavior, and resource use social indicators were monitored for these two consumptive recreational activities over a 25‐year period. Six national surveys conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of the Interior every five years since 1955 provided the data for the analysis. For both hunting and fishing, some indicators demonstrated temporal stability while others showed dynamism. The direction of change for the sociodemographics was the same for both activities. However, hunting and fishing differed in the trends found in the other indicators. The recreation behavior indicators demonstrated a trend toward greater extensity and specialization of participation in fishing, while the opposite trend was observed for hunting. The findings for the resource use indicators suggested that participants in these two activities have utilized resources dif...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the impact of ecological and cultural changes on the long-term productivity of aquatic ecosystems in the Amazonia region, and found that modern conservation practices, such as the establishment of parks and reserves and the enactment of protective legislation, only gained a tentative foothold in the region.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the powers and obligations of coastal states vis-li-vis distant-water nations under the terms of the LOS Convention and suggested that if a long-term, distantwater nation presence is to be maintained, the nature of the arrangements must be such as to encourage reinvestment in distantwater fleet capacity.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In the case of herring stocks, fishery regulations vary greatly within the European countries as mentioned in this paper, and enforcement of fishing regulations is very strict and carried out on real-time bases, while in other countries there appears to be very little enforcement of the existing regulations.
Abstract: The collapse of all the major herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic in the late 1960s and the early 1970s was undoubtedly the most striking phenomenon in the history of the European fisheries. The events leading to the collapse show similar features for all the herring stocks: a sharp increase in catches over a few years, followed by a rapid decline and a fishing ban. During the period of declining stock abundance, management actions came too late and were not sufficiently restrictive. It appears that managers found it easier to accept a total fishing ban than to agree on severely reduced catches. In many cases it is clear that the fishing ban has been thoroughly enforced, while in other cases illegal fishing has seriously delayed the recovery of the stocks. This has been monitored by various fishery independent methods, such as tagging experiments, trawl surveys, larval surveys, and acoustic surveys. Before advising the reopening of the fishery it has been the general policy of the ICES Advisory Committee for Fishery Management that the spawning stock would be about to reach a minimum target abundance and that there should be firm evidence that recruitment should be on a similar level as it was prior to the collapse. Some stocks are about to or have already fulfilled these criteria, while others are still at a low level and suffering from recruitment failure. When reopening fisheries, setting of total allowable catches (TACs) and national quotas has been universal. Enforcement practices vary greatly within the European countries. In some countries, enforcement of fishing regulations is very strict and carried out on real time bases, while in other countries there appears to be very little enforcement of the existing regulations. Large quantities of herring are sometimes landed and even sold as sprat, whiting, or mackerel. Overshooting TACs is therefore common, and inadequate reporting of catches makes assessment difficult and less reliable than need be. In those cases where fishery regulations are enforced, management is mainly concerned with restricting the activities of the participating vessels so that they do not overfish. In doing so, the best fishing areas have in some cases been closed to fishing, because otherwise the catches would be far too large for the small quantity allocated to each boat. In other cases the catches per boat per night have to be so restricted (because of the large number of participating vessels) that large but unknown quantities of herring are dumped at sea. With the modernized fleets and the large number of boats participating, management has assumed the image of concentrating on "anti-effectiveness." Although the biological management objectives have been well defined and agreed to, the overall management objectives have neither been defined nor agreed to. These must take into account not only the biological objectives but also socioeconomic aspects. A management objective could be to fish theTACswith minimum expense, thus gaining maximum benefit in terms of profits from harvesting the resource. The traditionally free entry and free participation would then be the main obstacle to such an objective. This is especially acute in the case of a schooling species, which can be fished cheaply in large quantities. It is therefore important to develop new methods to restrict effort and investment. This leads to the basic problem of redefining the ownership of the fish stocks. Before an owner is firmly established, management will be under very severe constraints in limiting the entry to the fisheries.
TL;DR: The mean standard length and length range of 10 common eastern Cape estuarine fish, caught in five different gillnet mesh sizes, are given to help researchers to use gillnets of the correct meshes for sampling a specific size-range of similarly shaped fish species.
TL;DR: Catch/effort data from the individual reservoir fisheries when analysed collectively simulate changes in a single large fishery, indicating that the reservoirs in Sri Lanka remain underfished.
Abstract: . The inland fishery in Sri Lanka (6–10°N; 79–82°E) is essentially a fishery confined to man-made lakes and is dominated by the introduced cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters). Catch statistics of 20 such major reservoirs indicate that the yield of this species ranges from 64·0 to 918 kg per ha and accounts for between 56 and 99% of the total yield in individual reservoirs. The yield of S. mossambicus is closely related to the fishing pressure exerted. Catch/effort data from the individual reservoir fisheries when analysed collectively simulate changes in a single large fishery. In the fishery the relationship of yield to effort is described by the equation: Y = 4·OX – 53·8X (r= 0·92; P < 0·001), where Y = yield in kg per ha per annum and X = number of craft-days per ha per annum, indicating that the reservoirs in Sri Lanka remain underfished. However, very high increases in fishing pressure in two reservoirs, for which data are available over a 5-year period, indicate that the increases have resulted in a significant decline in the catch per unit effort. The reasons for the success of the S. mossambicus fishery in individual reservoirs, and also simulation of features of a single large fishery in reservoirs, with widely different hydrological and limnological regimes, are discussed in qualitative terms. It is hypothesized that the abundance is determined by factors other than food availability. Fresh management strategies to optimize the fishery from the point of view of optimal fishing pressure permissible from the present analysis are suggested.
TL;DR: The fisheries of floodplain river systems in Africa, South America and Asia are similar and their yields can be estimated from various morphological, edaphic and other parameters, enabling comparisons between systems to be made.
Abstract: The fisheries of floodplain river systems in Africa, South America and Asia are similar and their yields can be estimated from various morphological, edaphic and other parameters. There is a close similarity in the ichthyofauna of these regions enabling comparisons between systems to be made. The native fauna of New Guinea (Australasia) is devoid of the primary freshwater fishes that compose the majority of the catch from other regions. Various estimates suggest that the present yield of the Sepik River fishery is about 3000–5000 t year−1 This is approximately 10% of the yield of 30 000–45 000 t year−1 predicted by comparison with African rivers. Much of the present catch is introduced tilapia. Considering the native fish species alone, the present yield is only about 5–7% of that predicted. Fishing effort in the Sepik may be low by comparison with African rivers but the faunal difference is probably the main factor involved. This low yield still represents one of the largest and most important fisheries in the country. Such yeild estimates, even if only rough approximations, are vital for planning and management decisions.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a system of collection of data at different centres along the west and east coasts in the mainland of India and from Minicoy Is. were dealt with earlier.
Abstract: Crafts and gears employed in the fishery and the
system of collection of data at different centres along
the west and east coasts in the mainland of India and
from Minicoy Is. were dealt with earlier. In the manner
described, the following informations were collected :
— Numbers landed by fishing gear ;
— Estimated total tunas landed by weight by fishing gear;
— Estimated weight of sampled landings ;
— Species composition of sampled landings, and
— length and weight of tunas in sampled landings
TL;DR: The collapse of all the major herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic in the late 1960s and the early 1970s was undoubtedly the most striking phenomenon in the history of the European fisheries.
Abstract: The collapse of all the major herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic in the late 1960s and the early 1970s was undoubtedly the most striking phenomenon in the history of the European fisheries. T...
Book•
01 Aug 1985
TL;DR: Simulation studies at low, intermediate, and high levels of variability in recruitment were used to compare alternative constant effort policies for anchovy, Atlantic menhaden, and Pacific ocean perch fisheries, finding comparable yields may be obtained at several levels of fishing effort.
Abstract: Environmental variability may have a substantial influence on marine fish stocks, primarily by affecting survival to the time of recruitment. Simulation studies at low, intermediate, and high level...
TL;DR: A model including an age-structure, a stochastic egg-recruitment relationship, density-dependent juvenile growth, age-dependent fishing mortality, and fecundity dependent upon size as well as age is presented.
Abstract: A model including an age-structure, a stochastic egg-recruitment relationship, density-dependent juvenile growth, age-dependent fishing mortality, and fecundity dependent upon size as well as age w...
TL;DR: In this article, a method for estimating fishing power in the Beverton-Holt tradition in the absence of firm-level data is developed, which enables the construction of a standardized measure of fishing effort that can facilitate the analysis and implementation of various management alternatives.
Abstract: A method for estimating fishing power in the Beverton-Holt tradition in the absence of firm-level data is developed. This enables the construction of a standardized measure of fishing effort that can facilitate the analysis and implementation of various management alternatives. The methodology is applied to the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery.
TL;DR: In the light of factors which lead to relatively low investment in fisheries management it is suggested that the capital which would be required to effect an introduction would be more efficiently invested in such schemes as the ‘buying-in’ of fishing gear or the establishment of hatcheries for cyprinids.
TL;DR: The overall pattern of counts made at sea reflects the well-known seasonal movements of Gannets as discussed by the authors, and fishing trips rarely exceed 150 km from colony and most are below one-third of that distance.
Abstract: The overall pattern of counts made at sea reflects the well-known seasonal movements of Gannets. During the breeding season, fishing trips rarely exceed 150 km from colony and most are below one-third of that distance.