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Fishing

About: Fishing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26543 publications have been published within this topic receiving 455552 citations. The topic is also known as: angling.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In Southern Malawi, the fishing industry is highly gendered, with men carrying out the fishing and women processing, drying and selling the fish, where the power dynamics in these exchanges favour men and can make it more difficult for women to negotiate safe sex.
Abstract: Background: In Southern Malawi, the fishing industry is highly gendered, with men carrying out the fishing and women processing, drying and selling the fish. Research has shown that individuals living in fishing communities in low-income countries are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. One of the key drivers of HIV in fishing communities is transactional sex. In the fishing industry this takes the form of ‘‘fish-for-sex’’ networks where female fish traders exchange sex with fishermen for access to or more favourable prices of fish. By controlling the means of production, the power dynamics in these exchanges favour men and can make it more difficult for women to negotiate safe sex. Methods: Qualitative methods were used to collect data on gendered drivers of transactional sex in the fishing community and how different groups perceive HIV risk in these transactions. Observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with members of the fishing communities, including men and women directly and indirectly involved in fishing. Results: In fishing communities transactional sex was prevalent across a spectrum ranging from gift giving within relationships, to sex for fish exchanges, to sex worker encounters. Power differences between couples in transactional sexual encounters shape individual’s abilities to negotiate condom use (with women being at a particularly disadvantaged negotiating position). The context and motivations for transactional sex varied and was mediated by economic need and social position both of men and women. Female fish traders new to the industry and boat crew members who travelled for work and experienced difficult living conditions often engaged in transactional sex. Conclusion: Transactional sex is common in Malawian fishing communities, with women particularly vulnerable in negotiations because of existing gendered power structures. Although knowledge and understanding of the HIV risk associated with transactional sex was common, this did not appear to result in the adoption of risk reduction strategies. This suggests that specially targeted strategies to increase women’s economic empowerment and tackle the structural drivers of women’s HIV risk could be important in fishing communities. Keywords: transactional sex; gender power relations; fishing communities; HIV (Published: 14 June 2012) Citation: MacPherson EE et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012, 15 (Suppl 1):17364 http://www.jiasociety.org/content/15/3/17364 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.15.3.17364

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proportion of cultured salmon in these populations has increased together with the rapid growth of the Norwegian salmon farming industry, and fish of cultured origin now exceed the number of wild fish in several spawning populations.

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an empirical investigation in the Mediterranean Sea quantifying in situ the pressure of spearfishing on fish communities in rocky coastal habitats in Mediterranean, and found that the total annual biomass extracted by spearfish in the MPA is equivalent to ca. 40% of the total biomass extracted annually by artisanal fishing.

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Aug 2011-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: FID shows promise as a tool by which compliance and effectiveness of management of reef fisheries can be assessed, and whether FID was influenced by body size, group size, or life-history phase.
Abstract: Prey flight decisions in response to predation risk are increasingly being considered in conservation and management decisions in the terrestrial realm, but are rarely considered in marine systems. This field-based study investigated how the behavioral response of coral reef fish families varied along a gradient of subsistence fishing pressure in Papua New Guinea. Specifically, we examined how fishing pressure was related to pre-flight behavior and flight initiation distance (FID), and whether FID was influenced by body size (centimeters total length), group size (including both con- and hetero-specific individuals), or life-history phase. Fishing pressure was positively associated with higher FID, but only in families that were primarily targeted by spear guns. Among these families, there were variable responses in FID; some families showed increased FID monotonically with fishing pressure, while others showed increased FID only at the highest levels of fishing pressure. Body size was more significant in varying FID at higher levels of fishing pressure. Although family-level differences in pre-flight behavior were reported, such behavior showed low concordance with fishing pressure. FID shows promise as a tool by which compliance and effectiveness of management of reef fisheries can be assessed.

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) as discussed by the authors is a regional international institution for the management of Lake Victoria fisheries, which was established by the governments of Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya.
Abstract: Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa (68 800 km2) and is the eighth largest lake in the world by volume. The three East African countries of Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya share Lake Victoria and its resources. The total annual catch of fish from the lake ranges between 400 × 106 kg and 500 × 106 kg, bringing these riparian countries a combined annual income of approximately US$250 000–500 000 from exports alone. Approximately 30 million people live in the riparian region and the catchment, with about 2 million of these depending directly or indirectly on fishing activities. Tragically, Lake Victoria’s extremely diverse fauna was decimated in only 30 years following the introduction of non-native Nile perch in the early 1960s. An estimated 200 endemic cichlid species became extinct. Dramatic increases in overfishing, pollution from various sources, effects of noxious water weeds and other associated problems threaten the sustainability of the lake’s resources and the economies of the riparian governments and peoples. Regulations governing Lake Victoria’s resources are different in each country. The laws concerning treatment of effluents from point sources in the three countries are not harmonized, neither are implementation or enforcement provisions. The governments of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have begun to put in place regional mechanisms to address the lake’s many problems including the creation of a permanent regional international institution through the establishment of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO). A strategic vision document and action plans have been developed. Efforts are being made at local, national and regional levels to control the water hyacinth, including manual pulling, mechanical harvesting and introduction of weevils that weaken hyacinth root systems. To address the problem of overfishing, fishermen committees at landing beaches have been put in place. Each country has committed to take all necessary measures including legislation to implement the decisions of the LVFO governing bodies. All three countries have agreed to adopt and enforce legislation and regulations prohibiting the introduction of non-indigenous species to the lake and to enforce existing regulations regarding fisheries. A Global Environment Facility project which provides funding to the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization addresses land use management, catchment forestation, fisheries research and management, water hyacinth control, industrial effluent treatment and municipal waste treatment.

127 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,709
20223,569
20211,068
20201,247
20191,089
20181,130