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Fishing

About: Fishing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26543 publications have been published within this topic receiving 455552 citations. The topic is also known as: angling.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and analyzed the drivers of these changes, and made recommendations for the future management of coastal small-scale fisheries (SSF), whether artisanal (professional) or recreational, represent important socioeconomic activities across Europe.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors review the problems resulting from cetacean-longline interactions, consider potential strategies to reduce interactions and identify research priorities and approaches, including fleet communication to enable vessels to avoid temporally and spatially unpredictable and sporadic hotspots of aggregations of Cetaceans; underwater acoustic masking devices to conceal the sound of the vessel, gear, and setting and hauling activities.
Abstract: Fishery-cetacean interactions, including those with longline gear, give rise to economic, ecological and social concerns. This paper reviews problems resulting from cetacean-longline interactions, considers potential strategies to reduce interactions and identifies research priorities and approaches. Depredation by cetaceans (removal and damage of hooked fish and bait from fishing gear) and damage and loss of fishing gear create economic problems; however, the magnitude of this problem is poorly understood. There is also insufficient information to determine whether there are population-level effects resulting from injury and mortality of cetaceans (from incidental entanglement and hooking and from deliberate actions to discourage depredation). Fishery-cetacean interactions may also: change cetacean foraging behaviour and distribution; increase fishing effort to make up for fish taken from gear by cetaceans; and create errors in fish stock assessments that do not account for cetacean depredation. Negative public perceptions of longline fishing can result from news of incidental and deliberate injury and mortality of cetaceans associated with longlining. Information on how to reduce cetacean interactions with longline gear is also limited, as is the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for them. Strategies already employed in some fleets include refraining from setting or cutting sets short when problematic species of cetaceans are observed and fleet coordination of daily fishing times and positions. Many fishermen perceive depredation as an inevitable part of fishing. This paper discusses a number of other possible cetacean avoidance strategies that warrant consideration, including: (1) fleet communication to enable vessels to avoid temporally and spatially unpredictable and sporadic hotspots of aggregations of cetaceans; (2) underwater acoustic masking devices to conceal the sound of the vessel, gear, and setting and hauling activities; (3) quieter vessels to reduce cetaceans’ ability to target longline vessels; (4) encasement of caught fish to reduce cetacean access to or interest in the catch; (5) use of bait or gear with an unpleasant smell or taste to reduce the attractiveness of gear, bait and catch to cetaceans; (6) use of pre-recorded fishing vessel sounds played from stations throughout a fleet’s fishing grounds to distract cetaceans from actual fishing vessels; (7) use of acoustic devices to mask returning cetacean echolocation signals; and (8) use of tethered sonobuoys to track cetaceans and enable fleet avoidance. Vessels with relatively low cetacean interaction rates should be examined for design and operational differences from vessels with high interaction rates, possibly allowing identification of effective avoidance methods. There is a need for experimentation in individual longline fisheries over several seasons to assess fisheryspecific efficacy and commercial viability of cetacean avoidance strategies. This is necessary as different cetacean species likely respond differently to an avoidance method and cetaceans may habituate to an avoidance strategy, especially in fisheries interacting with resident cetaceans.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the differences between the most strongly exploited and the moderately exploited areas were consistent with the hypothesis that fishing causes major disturbance to benthic communities on deeper bottoms of the continental shelf.
Abstract: Within the framework of the 'dynamic equilibrium model', we tested the hypothesis that fishing causes major disturbance to benthic communities on deeper bottoms of the continental shelf. Benthic megafauna on the Bay of Biscay coast of France was sampled on fishing grounds subject to various conditions of exploitation. Samples were taken at around 100 m depth to avoid strong natural disturbances. Species diversity and the largest body mass class of invertebrates were smaller in strongly exploited areas than in moderately exploited ones. Biomass size spectra in strongly exploited areas were characterised by a comparatively large biomass of small invertebrates, hence the K-dom- inance curve of abundance was either above the biomass curve, or the curves intersected. In moder- ately exploited areas, the K-dominance biomass curves were above the abundance curves; the dom- inant species were a commercial species and a benthic species sensitive to the physical effects of the fishing gears. In the heavily exploited areas, the dominant species were opportunistic carnivorous species of minor or no commercial interest. There were no dominant fish species in the most strongly exploited areas, while 2 fish species were found in the moderately exploited areas. No fragile species were found in the most exploited areas, whereas 6 fragile species were found in the moderately exploited ones. It is concluded that the differences between the most strongly exploited and the moderately exploited areas were consistent with the hypothesis.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors in this paper highlight the urgent need to reduce fishing capacity in the region and highlight the need to allocate rights between small-scale and industrial fisheries, where resources are shared.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four 100 m lengths of both monofilament gill nets and trammel nets were deployed off the coast of the Algarve between April 1995 and June 1996 and were found to be completely destroyed or heavily colonised by algae and had become incorporated into the reef.
Abstract: Four 100 m lengths of both monofilament gill nets and trammel nets were deployed at depths between 15 and 18 m off the coast of the Algarve (south of Portugal) between April 1995 and June 1996. The nets were set on a natural rocky bottom with one end cut loose to simulate lost nets. Changes in net structure (net height, effective fishing area, movement, colonisation, wear and tear) and their catches (species, sizes, numbers, and biomass) were monitored by divers. Similar patterns were observed in all the nets, with a sharp decrease in net height and effective fishmg area, and an increase in visibility within the first few weeks. Net movement was negligible except in the case of interference from other fishing gears. Catch rates were initially comparable to normally fished gd.l nets and trammel nets in this area, but decreased steadily over time. No sea birds, reptiles or mammals were caught in any of the 8 nets. Catches were dominated by fish (89% by number, at least 27 species), in particular by sea breams (Sparidae) and wrasscs (Labridae). Under the conditions experienced throughout the study the fishlng hfetime of a 'lost' net is between 15 and 20 wk. Based on an exponential model, we estimated that 100 m lengths of gill net and trammel net will catch 314 and 221 fish respectively over a 17 wk period. However, we consider this to be an underestimate due to high rates of predation and scavenging by octopuses, cuttlefish, moray eels, conger eels, and other fish such as the wrasse Coris julis. When the nets were surveyed in the following spring. 8 to 11 mo after being deployed, they were found to be completely destroyed or heavily colonised by algae and had become incorporated into the reef.

106 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,709
20223,569
20211,068
20201,247
20191,089
20181,130