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Fishing

About: Fishing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26543 publications have been published within this topic receiving 455552 citations. The topic is also known as: angling.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Central Valley drainage of California formerly produced immense numbers of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha as discussed by the authors, which made it one of the richest regions in the world for Chinook salmon production.
Abstract: The Central Valley drainage of California formerly produced immense numbers of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Four seasonal runs occur in this system—fall, late-fall, winter, and spring runs. Differences in life history timing and spatial distribution enabled the four runs to use the drainage to the fullest possible extent and once made it one of the richest regions in the world for chinook salmon production. Native American fishers within the Central Valley drainage harvested chinook salmon at estimated levels that reached 8.5 million pounds or more annually. Native harvests, therefore, were roughly comparable to the peak commercial harvests taken later by Euro-American fishers, but whether or not native fishing depressed the productive capacities of the salmon populations to any substantial degree is not known. The commercial chinook salmon fishery in California started about 1850 in the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta region, where it formed the nucleus of the firs...

242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested the current success of Maine's lobster fishery is a gilded trap, a type of social trap in which collective actions resulting from economically attractive opportunities outweigh concerns over associated social and ecological risks or consequences.
Abstract: Unsustainable fishing simplifies food chains and, as with aquaculture, can result in reliance on a few economically valuable species. This lack of diversity may increase risks of ecological and economic disruptions. Centuries of intense fishing have extirpated most apex predators in the Gulf of Maine (United States and Canada), effectively creating an American lobster (Homarus americanus) monoculture. Over the past 20 years, the economic diversity of marine resources harvested in Maine has declined by almost 70%. Today, over 80% of the value of Maine's fish and seafood landings is from highly abundant lobsters. Inflation-corrected income from lobsters in Maine has steadily increased by nearly 400% since 1985. Fisheries managers, policy makers, and fishers view this as a success. However, such lucrative monocultures increase the social and ecological consequences of future declines in lobsters. In southern New England, disease and stresses related to increases in ocean temperature resulted in more than a 70% decline in lobster abundance, prompting managers to propose closing that fishery. A similar collapse in Maine could fundamentally disrupt the social and economic foundation of its coast. We suggest the current success of Maine's lobster fishery is a gilded trap. Gilded traps are a type of social trap in which collective actions resulting from economically attractive opportunities outweigh concerns over associated social and ecological risks or consequences. Large financial gain creates a strong reinforcing feedback that deepens the trap. Avoiding or escaping gilded traps requires managing for increased biological and economic diversity. This is difficult to do prior to a crisis while financial incentives for maintaining the status quo are large. The long-term challenge is to shift fisheries management away from single species toward integrated social-ecological approaches that diversify local ecosystems, societies, and economies.

242 citations

01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: McClanahan and Kaunda-Arara as mentioned in this paper used fishery population models to assess the potential for fishery reserves, areas perma- nently closed to fishing, to enhance long-term fishery yields.
Abstract: We used fishery population models to assess the potential for ma- rine fishery reserves, areas perma- nently closed to fishing, to enhance long-term fishery yields. Our models included detailed life history data. They also included the key assumptions that adults did not cross reserve boundaries and that larvae mixed thoroughly across the boundary but were retained sufficiently to produce a stock-recruit- ment relationship for the management area. We analyzed the results of these models to determine how reserve size, fishing mortality, and life history traits, particularly population growth poten- tial, affected the fisheries benefits from reserves. We predict that reserves will enhance catches from any overfished population that meets our assumptions, particularly heavily overfished popula- tions with low population growth po- tential. We further predict that re- serves can enhance catches when they make up 40% or more of fisheries man- agement areas, significantly higher proportions than are typical of existing reserve systems. Finally, we predict that reserves in systems that meet our assumptions will reduce annual catch variation in surrounding fishing grounds. The fisheries benefits and optimal design of marine reserves in any situation de- pended on the life history of the spe- cies of interest as well as its rate of fish- ing mortality. However, the generality of our results across a range of species suggest that marine reserves are a vi- able fisheries management alternative. ies have generally demonstrated that fish stocks build up within a protected area (Roberts and Polunin, 1991; Dugan and Davis, 1993; Rowley, 1994; Bohnsack, 1996, and references within) but much less information exists on fishery enhancements. In theory, reserves can maintain productive fisheries by protecting a critical stock within their borders. These stocks may enhance catches through adults that grow larger in the reserve and then migrate to fishing areas (adult spillover), or through enhanced recruitment in fishing areas due to increased popu- lation fecundity from the reserve (larval transport). In practice, fish- eries benefits from reserves have rarely been demonstrated or even measured. This lack of field evi- dence reflects the difficulty of per- forming controlled and replicated experiments in unpredictable politi- cal and biological systems. The few existing field studies ad- dressing fisheries benefits from re- serves show promise. A marine fish- ery reserve encompassing over 60% of the former fishing grounds north of Mombasa, Kenya, showed a 110% increase in catch per unit of effort after only two years (McClanahan and Kaunda-Arara, 1996). Total catches had not yet met those prior to reserve establishment, but trends looked favorable. On Apo Island, Philippines, total fish density and

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
09 May 1986-Copeia
TL;DR: Niche shifts in sunfishes: experimental evidence and significance and the ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size structured populations.
Abstract: . 1979. Niche partitioning by food size in fish communities, p. 311-322. In: Predator-prey systems in fisheries management. H. E. Clepper (ed.). Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C. , AND J. F. GILLIAM. 1984. The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size structured populations. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15:393-425. , AND D. J. HALL. 1976. Niche shifts in sunfishes: experimental evidence and significance. Science 191:404-406.

239 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The multispecies individual-based model OSMOSE (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ecOSystem Exploitation) is used to investigate to what extent the size distribution of fish communities can contribute to better understanding of the functioning of marine food webs and the ecosystem effects of fishing.
Abstract: For most fish species, strong environmental constraints imposed by living in an aquatic medium have produced converging streamlined body forms without prehensile appendices. This similarity in body...

239 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,709
20223,569
20211,068
20201,247
20191,089
20181,130