Topic
Flagellate
About: Flagellate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 943 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24961 citations. The topic is also known as: flagellate.
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TL;DR: The possibility of selective removal of particular components of the available food resource, especially in the case of experiments with the cryptomonad flagellate 3C, suggests that such organisms may be quantitatively more important in the diet of bivalves than their relative abundance under natural conditions might lead us to suppose.
431 citations
TL;DR: The vast increase in the population density of the rumen flageLLate Neocallimastix frontalis shortly after the host animal has commenced eating is caused by stimulation of a reproductive body on a vegetative phase of the organism to differentiate and liberate the flagellates.
Abstract: The vast increase in the population density of the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis shortly after the host animal has commenced eating is caused by stimulation of a reproductive body on a vegetative phase of the organism to differentiate and liberate the flagellates. The stimulant is a component of the host's diet. The vegetative stage of N. frontalis bears a strong morphological resemblance to that of certain species of aquatic phycomycete fungi, and consists of a reproductive body borne on a single, much branched rhizoid. The flagellates liberated in vivo within 15 to 45 min of feeding lose their motility within 1 h and develop into the vegetative phase, thus producing a rapid decrease in population density of the flagellates. Conditions for maximum flagellate production are similar to those ocfnring in the rumen: pH 6.5, 39 °C, absence of O2, presence of CO2. Differentiation of the reproductive body is inhibited by compounds affecting membrane structure and function, but not by inhibitors of protein synthesis. The organism was cultured in vitro in an undefined medium in the absence of bacteria or other flagellates.
393 citations
TL;DR: The structural and functional diversity of extrusomes in protozoa is described, which includes structures and organelles of systematically widely differing organisms such as ejectisomes of algae and the R bodies of the bacterial symbionts of Paramecium or the toxicysts of ciliates and the nematocyst of cnidarians.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the extrusive organelles in protists. Extrusive organelles are membrane-bounded structures of protists, usually located in the cortical cytoplasm of these cells. Although they have different type-specific structures and functions, they all exhibit one general characteristic: they are readily discharged when subjected to a wide range of stimuli. This chapter describes the structural and functional diversity of extrusomes in protozoa. Some have a wide distribution in flagellates as well as in ciliates; others are restricted to small systematic groups, for example, the discobolocysts of the flagellate order Chrysophyceae or the cnidocysts of a few species of dinoflagellates. Some enigmatic similarity exists between extrusomes and organelles of systematically widely differing organisms such as ejectisomes of algae and the R bodies of the bacterial symbionts of Paramecium or the toxicysts of ciliates and the nematocysts of cnidarians.
289 citations
TL;DR: Variability of bacterivory is discussed regarding the prevailing feeding modes, the energy budgets, the considerable importance of slight deviations in the time budgets of feeding phases, the ingestion rates and the feeding microhabitat, respectively.
Abstract: Heterotrophic flagellates (HF) are known as most important grazers of bacteria in many aquatic ecosystem. HF cannot be treated as a black box since HF generally contain a diverse community of species significantly differing in their feeding behaviour and other ecological properties. Today it seems that the dominant taxonomic groups among heterotrophic nano- and microflagellate communities within different marine, brackish and limnetic pelagic communities (heterokont taxa, dinoflagellates, choanoflagellates, kathablepharids) and benthic communities (euglenids, bodonids, thaumatomonads, apusomonads, cercomonads) are relatively similar. HF among protista incertae sedis, often neglected in ecological studies, are abundant bacterivores in all investigated habitats. Recent studies of flagellate feeding processes indicated that there are significant species-specific differences and individual variability regarding the food uptake and food selection of bacterivorous flagellates: Variability of bacterivory is discussed regarding the prevailing feeding modes, the energy budgets, the considerable importance of slight deviations in the time budgets of feeding phases, the ingestion rates and the feeding microhabitat, respectively. The significant flexibility of the grazing impact of bacterivorous flagellate communities creates a complex top-down pressure on bacteria which should have lead to the evolution of efficient predator avoidance mechanisms in bacteria and should be at least partly responsible for the diversity of present bacteria.
249 citations
TL;DR: The green algae and land plants form a monophyletic lineage (the chlorophytes) that contains both protistan and higher taxa and an important issue regarding the evolution of this green lineage that still remains in question is the identity of the green algal.
Abstract: The green algae and land plants form a monophyletic lineage (the chlorophytes) that contains both protistan and higher taxa ([Graham, 1996][1]). An important issue regarding the evolution of this green lineage that still remains in question is the identity of the green algal (i.e. flagellate)
240 citations