Topic
Flavones
About: Flavones is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3082 publications have been published within this topic receiving 109757 citations.
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TL;DR: The structural requirements for the antioxidant and free radical scavenging functions of flavonoids include a hydroxyl group in carbon position three, a double bond between carbon positions two and three, carbonyl groups in carbon positions four, and polyhydroxylation of the A and B aromatic rings.
Abstract: Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds, diverse in chemical structure and characteristics, found ubiquitously in plants. Therefore, flavonoids are part of the human diet. Over 4,000 different flavonoids have been identified within the major flavonoid classes which include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, dihydroflavonols, and chalcones. Flavonoids are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and are excreted either unchanged or as flavonoid metabolites in the urine and feces. Flavonoids are potent antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and metal chelators and inhibit lipid peroxidation. The structural requirements for the antioxidant and free radical scavenging functions of flavonoids include a hydroxyl group in carbon position three, a double bond between carbon positions two and three, a carbonyl group in carbon position four, and polyhydroxylation of the A and B aromatic rings. Epidemiological studies show an inverse correlation between dietary flavonoid intake and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) which is explained in part by the inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation and reduced platelet aggregability. Dietary intake of flavonoids range between 23 mg/day estimated in The Netherlands and 170 mg/day estimated in the USA. Major dietary sources of flavonoids determined from studies and analyses conducted in The Netherlands include tea, onions, apples, and red wine. More research is needed for further elucidation of the mechanisms of flavonoid absorption, metabolism, biochemical action, and association with CHD.
2,201 citations
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01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the distribution and evolution of the Flavonoids in the Lower Plants and its evolution in the Dicotyledons of the world's plants.
Abstract: 1 The Anthocyanins.- 2 Flavans and Proanthocyanidins.- 3 C-Glycosylflavonoids.- 4 Biflavonoids.- 5 Isoflavonoids.- 6 Neoflavonoids.- 7 Flavones and Flavonols.- 8 Flavone and Flavonol Glycosides.- 9 The Minor Flavonoids.- 10 Miscellaneous Flavonoids.- 11 Biosynthesis.- 12 Distribution of Flavonoids in the Lower Plants and Its Evolutionary Significance.- 13 Distribution and Evolution of the Flavonoids in Gymnosperms.- 14 Flavonoids and Evolution in the Dicotyledons.- 15 Distribution and Evolution of Flavonoids in the Monocotyledons.- 16 Flavonoids and Flower Colour.- Plant Species Index.
2,185 citations
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TL;DR: Investigation in the possible health benefits of flavonoids has increased owing to their potent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities observed in vitro, and there is growing evidence from human feeding studies that the absorption and bioavailability of specific flavonoid is much higher than originally believed.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Flavonoids comprise the most common group of plant polyphenols and provide much of the flavor and color to fruits and vegetables. More than 5000 different flavonoids have been described. The six major subclasses of flavonoids include the flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin), flavonols (e.g., quercetin, myricetin), flavanones (e.g., naringenin, hesperidin), catechins or flavanols (e.g., epicatechin, gallocatechin), anthocyanidins (e.g., cyanidin, pelargonidin), and isoflavones (e.g., genistein, daidzein). Most of the flavonoids present in plants are attached to sugars (glycosides), although occasionally they are found as aglycones. Interest in the possible health benefits of flavonoids has increased owing to their potent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities observed in vitro. There is growing evidence from human feeding studies that the absorption and bioavailability of specific flavonoids is much higher than originally believed. However, epidemiologic studies exploring the role of ...
2,007 citations
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01 Jan 1982TL;DR: In this paper, carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Flavonoids was used for isolation techniques for the extraction of Flavone and Flavonol Glycosides, respectively.
Abstract: 1 Isolation Techniques for Flavonoids.- 2 Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Flavonoids.- 3 Anthocyanins.- 4 Flavones and Flavonols.- 5 Flavone and Flavonol Glycosides.- 6 The Minor Flavonoids.- 7 Proanthocyanidins.- 8 C-Glycosylflavonoids.- 9 Biflavonoids.- 10 Isoflavonoids.- 11 Biosynthesis.- 12 Mammalian Metabolism of Flavonoids.- Plant Species Index.
1,586 citations
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09 Dec 1993
TL;DR: The anthocyanins. 1H NMR spectroscopy of flavonoids and their glycosides as discussed by the authors, and the major and minor flavonoid glycoside.
Abstract: The anthocyanins. Flavans and proanthocyanidins. C-Glycosyl flavonoids. Biflavonoids and triflavonoids. Isoflavonoids. Neoflavonoids. Flavones and flavanols. Flavone and flavonol glycosides. The minor flavonoids. 1H NMR spectroscopy of flavonoids and their glycosides. Biosynthesis of flavonoids. Genetics of flavonoids. Flavonoids and flower colour. Flavonoids and insects. The impact of plant flavonoids on mammalian biology: implications for immunity, inflammation and cancer.
1,547 citations