Topic
Flexural strength
About: Flexural strength is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 52123 publications have been published within this topic receiving 846504 citations. The topic is also known as: bending strength & modulus of rupture.
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TL;DR: Coloring with cerium or bismuth salts produced perceptible color differences even at the lowest concentrations, and a decrease in flexural strength at the higher concentrations was attributed to an increase in open porosity.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cerium and bismuth coloring salts solutions on the microstructure, color, flexural strength, and aging resistance of tetragonal zirconia for dental applications (3Y-TZP). Cylindrical blanks were sectioned into disks (2-mm thick, 25-mm in diameter) and colored by immersion in cerium acetate (CA), cerium chloride (CC), or bismuth chloride (BC) solutions at 1, 5, or 10 wt %. The density, elastic constants, and biaxial flexural strength were determined after sintering at 1350 degrees C. The crystalline phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction before and after aging in autoclave for 10 h. The results showed that the mean density of the colored groups was comparable with that of the control group (6.072 +/- 0.008 g/cm(3)). XRD confirmed the presence of tetragonal zirconia with a slight increase in lattice parameters for the colored groups. A perceptible color difference was obtained for all groups (DeltaE* = 2.57 +/- 0.48 to 14.22 +/- 0.98), compared with the control. The mean grain size increased significantly for the groups colored with CC or CA at 10 wt %, compared with the control group (0.318 +/- 0.029 mm). The mean biaxial strength of CA1%, CA5%, and BC1% groups was not significantly different from that of the control group (1087.5 +/- 173.3 MPa). The flexural strength of all other groups decreased linearly with increasing concentration for both cerium salts (860.7 +/- 172 to 274.4 +/- 67.3 MPa). The resistance to low temperature degradation was not affected by the coloring process. Coloring with cerium or bismuth salts produced perceptible color differences even at the lowest concentrations. A decrease in flexural strength at the higher concentrations was attributed to an increase in open porosity.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure of composite materials containing fibrous wastes (as reinforcement in granulated blast furnace slag or ordinary Portland cement matrices) was examined for compositional analysis.
Abstract: This paper examines the microstructure of composite materials containing fibrous wastes (as reinforcement in granulated blast furnace slag or ordinary Portland cement matrices). Both secondary and back-scattered electron imaging and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for compositional analysis. Evaluation of both fractured and cut surfaces provided the morphological and bonding information that was related to mechanical performance obtained from flexural tests. Sisal and Eucalyptus grandis pulps showed satisfactory bonding to the cement matrix, with fibre pullout predominating as indicated by high values of energy absorption. In contrast banana pulp reinforced composites exhibited fibre fracture as the main failure mechanism. In all analysed composites, partial fibre debonding and matrix micro-cracking were dominant at the interfaces. However, there was no evidence of a porous transition zone or massive concentration of calcium hydroxide at the interface.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the properties of high performance porous concrete and proposed a selfcompaction test to determine the effects of high water-reducing and thickening (cohesive) agents on self-compaction.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the energy absorbing mechanisms of hybrid composites to low-velocity impact loading by means of the instrumented falling dart impact testing technique and found that composites containing polyethylene (PE) fibers, which were of high strength and high ductility, were effective in dissipating impact energy and resisting through penetration.
158 citations
TL;DR: The results confirmed that fracture toughness and flexural modulus of the composites monotonically increased with fiber length and content, however, for all samples, composites showed negligible difference on the flexural strength.
Abstract: Bamboo fibers demonstrate enormous potential as the reinforcement phase in composite materials. In this study, in order to find suitable NaOH concentration for bamboo fiber treatment, bamboo fibers were treated with 2 wt.%, 6 wt.% and 10 wt.% NaOH solutions for 12 h, respectively. We determined that 6 wt.% NaOH treated bamboo fibers were optimal for the fabrication of bamboo fiber composites by single fiber tensile test, single fiber pull-out test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The short length bamboo fibers treated with 6 wt.% NaOH solutions were well dispersed in the epoxy matrix by a new preparation method. The effect of fiber content and fiber length on the mechanical behavior of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites was investigated. The results confirmed that fracture toughness and flexural modulus of the composites monotonically increased with fiber length and content. However, for all samples, composites showed negligible difference on the flexural strength. The fracture surfaces of the composites were observed by SEM, revealing that fiber breakage, matrix cracking, debonding, and fiber pull out were major failure types. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to investigate the thermal behavior of both bamboo fibers and composites.
157 citations