Showing papers on "Fluid dynamics published in 1989"

Colloid Transport by Interfacial Forces

Abstract: In a historical context the interface between two phases has played only a minor role in the physics of fluid dynamics. It is of course true that boundary conditions at interfaces, usually imposed as continuity of ve­ locity and stress, determine the velocity field of a given flow; however, this is a more or less passive use of the interface that allows one to ignore the structure of the transition between two phases. When an interface has been assigned a more active role in flow processes, it generally has been assumed that one parameter, the interfacial (surface) tension, accounts for all mech­ anical phenomena (Young et al. 1 959, Levich & Krylov 1969). In these studies, kinematic effects of the interface were not considered, and the "no-slip" condition on the velocity at interfaces was retained. The basic message of this article is that the interface is a region of small but finite thickness, and that dynamical processes occurring within this region lead not only to interfacial stresses but also to an apparent "slip velocity" that, on a macroscopic length scale, appears to be a violation of the no-slip condition. The existence of a slip velocity at solid/fluid interfaces opens a class of flow problems not generally recognized by the fluid-dynamics community. Three previous articles in this series deal with flow caused by interactions between interfaces and external fields such as electrical potential, tem­ perature, and solute concentration. Melcher & Taylor ( 1969) and Levich & Krylov (1969) consider fluid/fluid interfaces where stresses produced at the interface by the external field dictate the flow. Saville ( 1977), on the other hand, discusses the action of an electric field on a charged solid/fluid interface and reviews the currently accepted model for electrophoretic

Molecular Dynamics of Fluid Flow at Solid Surfaces

Abstract: We use molecular dynamics techniques to study the microscopic aspects of several slow viscous flows past a solid wall, where both fluid and wall have a molecular structure. Systems of several thousand molecules are found to exhibit reasonable continuum behavior, albeit with significant thermal fluctuations. In Couette and Poiseuille flow of liquids we find the no-slip boundary condition arises naturally as a consequence of molecular roughness, and that the velocity and stress fields agree with the solutions of the Stokes equations. At lower densities slip appears, which can be incorporated into a flow-independent slip-length boundary condition. We examine the trajectories of individual molecules in Poiseuille flow, and also find that their average behavior is given by Taylor-Aris hydrodynamic dispersion. An immiscible two-fluid system is simulated by a species-dependent intermolecular interaction. We observe a static meniscus whose contact angle agrees with simple estimates and, when motion occurs, velocity- dependent advancing and receding angles. The local velocity field near a moving contact line shows a breakdown of the no-slip condition and, up to substantial statistical fluctuations, is consistent with earlier predictions of Dussan

New approximate boundary conditions for large eddy simulations of wall-bounded flows

Abstract: Two new approximate boundary conditions have been applied to the large eddy simulation of channel flow with and without transpiration. These new boundary conditions give more accurate results than those previously in use, and allow significant reduction of the required CPU time over simulations in which no‐slip conditions are applied. Mean velocity profiles and turbulence intensities compare well both with experimental data and with the results of resolved simulations. The influence of the approximate boundary conditions remains confined near the point of application and does not affect the turbulence statistics in the core of the flow.

Numerical Methods for Viscous Flows With Moving Boundaries

Abstract: A review of numerical algorithms for the analysis of viscous flows with moving interfaces is presented. The review is supplemented with a discussion of methods that have been introduced in the context of other classes of free boundary problems, but which can be generalized to viscous flows with moving interfaces. The available algorithms can be classified as Eulerian, Langrangian, and mixed, ie, Eulerian-Lagrangian. Eulerian algorithms consist of fixed grid methods, adaptive grid methods, mapping methods, and special methods. Langrangian algorithms consist of strictly Langrangian methods, Langrangian methods with rezoning, free Lagrangian methods and particle methods. Mixed methods rely on both Lagrangian and Eulerian concepts. The review consists of a description of the present state-of-the-art of each group of algorithms and their applications to a variety of problems. The existing methods are effective in dealing with small to medium interface deformations. For problems with medium to large deformations the methods produce results that are reasonable from a physical viewpoint; however, their accuracy is difficult to ascertain.

Flow channeling in a single fracture as a two-dimensional strongly heterogeneous permeable medium

Abstract: The void space of a rock fracture is conceptualized as a two-dimensional heterogeneous system with variable apertures as a function of position in the fracture plane. The apertures are generated using geostatistical methods. Fluid flow is simulated with constant head boundary conditions on two opposite sides of the two-dimensional flow region, with closed boundaries on the remaining two sides. The results show that the majority of flow tends to coalesce into certain preferred flow paths (channels) which offer the least resistance. Tracer transport is then simulated using a particle tracking method. The apertures along the paths taken by the tracer particles are found to obey a distribution different from that of all the apertures in the fracture. They obey a distribution with a larger mean and a smaller standard deviation. The shift in the distribution parameters increases with increasing values of variance for the apertures in the two-dimensional fracture. Provided that the correlation length is no greater than one fifth of the scale of measurement, the aperture density distributions of tracer particle paths remain similar for flow in two orthogonal directions, even with anisotropy ratio of spatial correlation up to 5. These results may be applicable in general to flow and transport through a two-dimensional strongly heterogeneous porous medium with a broad permeability distribution, where the dispersion of the system may be related to the parameters of the permeability distribution along preferred flow channels.

Transport of fluid and electric current through a single fracture

Abstract: One expects the hydraulic and electrical conductivities of rock to be related, since there is an analogy between the differential equations describing each process. Fractures in rock are commonly described by the parallel plate model, where the fracture surfaces are smooth and parallel with a separation or aperture of /ital d/. For this model the hydraulic conductivity is proportional to /ital d//sup 3/, whereas the electrical conductivity is proportional to /ital d/. Deviations from the parallel plate model are expected, since real fracture surfaces are rough and in partial contact. Computer simulations of fluid flow and conduction of electricity were performed on simulated fractures composed of rough surfaces generated with a fractal algorithm. The finite difference method was used to calculate the volume flow rate and electric current. This solution was used in the parallel plate model to get an effectie hydraulic aperture /ital d//sub h/ and electric aperture /ital d//sub e/. The electric and hydraulic apertures are nearly the same when the surfaces are widely separated. However, /ital d//sub e/ is always smaller than /ital d//sub h/, with the difference increasing as the fracture closes. Additionally, the local directions of fluid flow and electric current are not the same.more » Thus contrary to the common assumption, the actual path length of a fluid particle as measured by the tortuosity is different for each process. The results of these simulations are consistent with the ''equivalent channel model,'' which shows that by introducing the tortuosity of the fluid flow or electric current paths, one can relate the microscopic physics of the transport properties to the macroscopic behaviors described by Darcy's and Ohm's laws. /copyright/ American Geophysical Union 1989« less

Multiphase flow and transport in porous media

Abstract: Multiphase flow and transport of compositionally complex fluids in geologic media is of importance in a number of applied problems which have major social and economic effects. In petroleum reservoir engineering, efficient recovery of energy reserves is the principal goal. Unfortunately, some of these hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals often find their way unwanted into the soils and groundwater supplies. Removal in the latter case is predicated on ensuring the public health and safety. In this paper, principles of modeling fluid flow in systems containing up to three fluid phases (namely, water, air, and organic liquid) are described. Solution of the governing equations for multiphase flow requires knowledge of functional relationships between fluid pressures, saturations, and permeabilities which may be formulated on the basis of conceptual models of fluid-porous media interactions. Mechanisms of transport in multicomponent multiphase systems in which species may partition between phases are also described, and the governing equations are presented for the case in which local phase equilibrium may be assumed. A number of hypothetical numerical problems are presented to illustrate the physical behavior of systems in which multiphase flow and transport arise.

Temperature jump and Knudsen layer in a rarefied gas over a plane wall: Numerical analysis of the linearized Boltzmann equation for hard‐sphere molecules

Abstract: A semi‐infinite expanse of a rarefied gas over a plane wall where there is a constant heat flow normal to the wall from infinity is considered. The behavior of the gas is analyzed numerically by a finite difference method on the basis of the standard linearized Boltzmann equation for hard‐sphere molecules with diffuse reflection at the wall. From the result the temperature jump coefficient and its associated Knudsen layer of a slightly rarefied gas flow around a body are derived.

Novel fuel cell fluid flow field plate

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a novel fluid flow field plate for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The plate includes in a major surface thereof, a continuous open-faced fluid flow channel which traverses the central area of the plate surface in a serpentine manner. The channel has a fluid inlet at one end for receiving a reactant gas and a fluid exhaust at the other end for removing excess reactant gas and reaction products from the cell.

The influence of formation material properties on the response of water levels in wells to Earth tides and atmospheric loading

Abstract: The water level in an open well can change in response to deformation of the surrounding material, either because of applied strains (tidal or tectonic) or surface loading by atmospheric pressure changes. Under conditions of no vertical fluid flow and negligible well bore storage (static-confined conditions), the sensitivities to these effects depend on the elastic properties and porosity which characterize the surrounding medium. For a poroelastic medium, high sensitivity to applied areal strains occurs for low porosity, while high sensitivity to atmospheric loading occurs for high porosity; both increase with decreasing compressibility of the solid matrix. These material properties also influence vertical fluid flow induced by areally extensive deformation and can be used to define two types of hydraulic diffusivity which govern pressure diffusion, one for applied strain and one for surface loading. The hydraulic diffusivity which governs pressure diffusion in response to surface loading is slightly smaller than that which governs fluid flow in response to applied strain. Given the static-confined response of a water well to atmospheric loading and Earth tides, the in situ drained matrix compressibility and porosity (and hence the one-dimensional specific storage) can be estimated. Analysis of the static-confined response of five wells to atmospheric loading and Earth tides gives generally reasonable estimates for material properties.

Turbulent cascade of incompressible unidirectional Alfven waves in the interplanetary medium

Abstract: The large-scale inhomogeneity of the solar wind is taken into account to estimate the turbulent flux due to nonlinear interactions among purely outward-traveling waves. The nonlinear interactions are mediated by secondary, incoming waves generated by the linear coupling of the dominant species to the large-scale gradients. A quasistationary self-similar turbulent cascade is possible, with a spectrum scaling as ${\mathrm{k}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, close to what is found in the low-frequency range of solar-wind fluctuations near to the sun.

Large-Scale Coherent Structures as Drivers of Combustion Instability

Abstract: The role of flow coherent structures as drivers of combustion instabilities in a dump combustor was studied. Results of nonreacting tests in air and water flows as well as combustion experiments in a diffusion flame and dump combustor are discussed to provide insight into the generation process of large-scale structures in the combustor flow and their interaction with the combustion process. It is shown that the flow structures, or vortices, are formed by interaction between the flow instabilities and the chamber acoustic resonance. When these vortices dominate the reacting flow, the combustion is confined initially to the circumference of their cores and further downstream proceeds into their core, leading to periodic heat release, which may result in the driving of high amplitude pressure oscillations. These oscillations are typical to the occurrence of combustion instabilities for certain operating conditions. The basic understanding of the interaction between flow dynamics and the combustion ...

Fluid Flow: A First Course in Fluid Mechanics

Abstract: 1. Introduction. 2. The Basic Equations. 3. The Bernoulli Equation. 4. Momentum Theorems. 5. Similitude. 6. Elements of Potential Flow. 7. Analysis of Flow in Pipes and Channels. 8. Flow over External Surfaces. 9. Compressible Fluids - One-Dimensional Flow. 10. Elements of Two-Dimensional Gas Dynamics. 11. Flow in Open Channels. 12. Turbomachines. CHLIST = 13. Some Design Aspects of Turbomachines. Appendix 1: Dimensions and Units. Appendix 2. Physical Properties of Various Fluids. Appendix 3. Summary of the Properties of Vectors. Appendix 4. Summary of Thermodynamic Relations. Appendix 5. Gas Dynamic Tables. Answers to Selected Problems. Index.

Least-squares finite element method for fluid dynamics

Abstract: An overview is given of new developments of the least squares finite element method (LSFEM) in fluid dynamics. Special emphasis is placed on the universality of LSFEM; the symmetry and positiveness of the algebraic systems obtained from LSFEM; the accommodation of LSFEM to equal order interpolations for incompressible viscous flows; and the natural numerical dissipation of LSFEM for convective transport problems and high speed compressible flows. The performance of LSFEM is illustrated by numerical examples.

Viscous reduction of turbulent damage in animal cell culture

Abstract: Animal cells are exposed to turbulent fluid flow in many cell culture processes. If the turbulence in the flow is sufficiently strong, the cells will be damaged or killed by fluid-mechanical forces. Through an increase in viscosity, the turbulence can be damped and the hydro-dynamic damage can be reduced. In this article, new experimental results are presented which illustrate the protective effect of thickening agents. The results follow the prediction of a model based on Kolmogorov's theory of universal equilibrium in turbulent flow fields.

Lubricated pipelining: stability of core-annular flow. Part 2

Abstract: In this paper, we study the linearized stability of three symmetric arrangements of two liquids in core–annular Poiseuille flow in round pipes. Deferring to one important application, we say oil and water when we mean more viscous and less viscous liquids. The three arrangements are (i) oil is in the core and water on the wall, (ii) water is in the core and oil is outside and (iii) three layers, oil inside and outside with water in between. The arrangement in (iii) is our model for lubricated pipelining when the pipe walls are hydrophobic and it has not been studied before. The arrangement in (ii) was studied by Hickox (1971) who treated the problem as a perturbation of long waves, effectively suppressing surface tension and other essential effects which are necessary to explain the flows observed, say, in recent experiments of W. L. Olbricht and R. W. Aul. The arrangement in (i) was studied in Part 1 of this paper (Preziosi, Chen & Joseph 1987). We have confirmed and extended their pseudo-spectral calculation by introducing a more efficient finite-element code. We have calculated neutral curves, growth rates, maximum growth rate, wavenumbers for maximum growth and the various terms which enter into the analysis of the equation for the evolution of the energy of a small disturbance. The energy analysis allows us to identify the three competing mechanisms underway: interfacial tension, interfacial friction and Reynolds stress. Many results are presented.

Engineering in Process Metallurgy

Abstract: Part 1 An introduction to transport phenomena and properties in metallurgical operations: including Newton's second law of motion Newton's law of viscosity the Chapman-Enskog equation. Part 2 Fluid statics and fluid dynamics: including Navien-Stokes equation flow past spheres at high Reynold's numbers Prandtl's theory of turbulence for boundary layers the Euler (momentum) and Bernoulli equations for inviscid fluids. Part 3 Dimensional analysis and reactor design: including Rayleigh's method of indices Buckingham's "pi" theorem. Part 4 Heat and mass transfer through motionless media: including the "exact" form of Fick's law of diffusion high and low Biot numbers. Part 5 Heat and mass transfer in convective flow systems: including the Lewis-Whitman two-film theory Danckwerts' surface renewal theory. Part 6 Numerical techniques and computer applications: including the Gauss-Siedel point-by-point method. Further reading. Appendices: 1 - nomenclature 2 - units, dimensions and conversion factors 3 - thermodynamic data, worked examples, physical properties, periodic table, error function. Tables. Index. References.

The topographic torque associated with a tangentially geostrophic motion at the core surface and inferences on the flow inside the core

Abstract: In the last few years seismologists have proposed core-mantle topographies. At the same time much effort has been devoted by geomagneticians to calculate the fluid flow (and the related pressure field) at the top of the core, based on the observation of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field. A ‘‘topographic torque'', which results from the action of the pressure field at the core surface, has long been invoked to allow for exchanges of angular momentum between the core and the mantle. In this paper, we show that this torque can be computed if forces at the top of the core are in geostrophic balance. The deep nature of this topographic torque can be understood only if one goes beyond the case of a pseudo-static equilibrium and considers explicitly the acceleration term in the equation of motion. We show that the pressure field acts in such a way as to accelerate a zonal flow consisting of cylindrical annuli. These annuli rotate like rigid bodies, with an angular velocity which depends on ...

Simulation of three-dimensional flow of immiscible fluids within and below the unsaturated zone

Abstract: This paper presents a two-phase flow model based on a three-dimensional, finite-difference formulation. As three-dimensional simulations can require substantial computer effort, a numerical technique that takes advantage of vector and parallel processing computer architecture is developed. The model is posed in terms of water saturation and nonwetting fluid pressure. It uses three-phase capillary pressure and relative permeability relationships to permit simulation within or below the unsaturated zone. A modified formulation of slice successive overtaxation (an iterative matrix solution technique) is introduced. This technique is designed to use parallel processing capabilities of new computers. The model is applied to immiscible fluid flow at two chemical waste landfills near Niagara Falls, New York. At both sites, denser than water, nonaqueous liquids (NAPLs) are present in the groundwater regimes in relatively large quantities. The model applications address several technical concerns at the two sites, including the effectiveness of clay as a geologic barrier to NAPL migration owing to capillary pressure forces, the three-dimensional aspects of dense NAPL flow, and the sensitivity of NAPL recovery in pumping wells due to various hydrogeologic and fluid properties. The results of the applications show that (1) even under a downward hydraulic gradient, natural differences in capillary pressure relationships for different lithologies can prevent downward migration of NAPL, (2) without any lithologic-capillary barrier, an upward hydraulic gradient induced by a de watering system can prevent downward migration of NAPL, (3) NAPL recovery at wells is sensitive to relative permeability, a relationship that requires field calibration in many settings, and (4) the three-dimensional aspects of two-phase flow and hydrogeologic heterogeneity require explicit treatment in many settings.

PARC Code: Theory and Usage

Abstract: : The PARC code is a general purpose flow simulation computer program. It is based on the NASA Ames-developed ARC code and has been extensively enhanced for usage in an applications-oriented environment. A wide variety of flows may be simulated, including those with complex geometries (e.g., aircraft forebody and inlet in a wind tunnel) and those with complex fluid dynamics (e.g. , turbulent wall jet). Flow simulations may be two-dimensional, axisymmetric, or three-dimensional; also, they may be inviscid, laminar, or turbulent. Generalized boundary conditions may be located anywhere within the computational grid. Flow geometries may be treated by blocks so that the grid-generation process is simplified, and very complex problems may be simulated. This flow- simulation program has proven to be a very versatile and robust tool for the analysis of engineering problems involving fluid flows. Keywords: Navier-Stokes solver, Computational fluid dynamics.

Navier-Stokes analysis of solid propellant rocket motor internal flows

Abstract: A multidimensional implicit Navier-Stokes analysis that uses numerical solution of the ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in a nonorthogonal, body-fitted, cylindrical coordinate system has been applied to the simulation of the steady mean flow in solid propellant rocket motor chambers. The calculation procedure incorporates a two-equation (k-epsilon) turbulence model and utilizes a consistently split, linearized block-implicit algorithm for numerical solution of the governing equations. The code was validated by comparing computed results with the experimental data obtained in cylindrical-port cold-flow tests. The agreement between the computed and experimentally measured mean axial velocities is excellent. The axial location of transition to turbulent flow predicted by the two-equation (k-epsilon) turbulence model used in the computations also agrees well with the experimental data. Computations performed to simulate the axisymmetric flowfield in the vicinity of the aft field joint in the Space Shuttle solid rocket motor using 14,725 grid points show the presence of a region of reversed axial flow near the downstream edge of the slot.

Dissolution, solution transfer, diffusion versus fluid flow and volume loss during deformation/metamorphism

Abstract: Dissolution and solution transfer during deformation/metamorphism are controlled by the partitioning of deformation into progressive shearing and shortening components. Progressive shearing is readily accommodated by slip on the planar crystal structure of phyllosilicates and graphite without accumulating dislocation density gradients across grain boundaries. Progressive shortening is accommodated by the cores of most other minerals (including sulphides). These minerals develop strain, and hence dislocation density gradients, on their rims due to progressive shearing along grain boundaries. These gradients are particularly large when the mineral abuts phyllosilicate or graphite. The resulting chemical potential gradients between the core and rim drive dissolution, causing removal of the highly strained grain margins. Removal of dissolved material by solution transfer is aided by the geometry of shearing of phyllosilicates and graphite around other grains in an active anastomosing foliation. Interlayers and interfaces on boundaries lying at a low angle to the direction of shearing, and oriented relative to the sense of shear such that they can open, gape by small amounts. Water present in these interlayer spaces becomes destructured, considerably enhancing diffusion rates along the foliation. Penetrative volume loss, especially in deforming/metamorphosing pelitic rocks, is large at all metamorphic grades, increasing and becoming more penetrative with depth to at least the transition into granulite and eclogite facies. Transference of material by fluid flow from deep to high levels in the earth's crust is precluded because thousands to tens of thousands of rock volumes of fluid are required, necessitating continual recirculation of fluid from shallow to deep crustal levels in one large or several small sets of cells, unless some extremely large-scale form of fluid channelling is possible. Reassessment of diffusion mechanisms, and hence rates, during deformation and pervasive foliation generation in large volumes of rock where fluid channeling cannot provide enough fluid, indicates that diffusion can proceed with sufficient rapidity that massive recirculation of fluid is no longer required. The amount of fluid can be reduced sufficiently to allow large volume losses by a one-way flow of fluid to the earth's surface, in deforming/metamorphosing environments where the fluid pressure equals or exceeds the hydrostatic pressure. Deformation partitioning-controlled dissolution progressively changes the bulk chemistry of a rock containing phyllosilicates or graphite during deformation/metamorphism because matrix minerals, other than phyllosilicates and graphite, are preferentially removed. The large size of porphyroblasts, if present, tends to preserve them from dissolution. Hence, the bulk chemistry operative during subsequent porphyroblast growth can have changed considerably from that operative when the first porphyroblasts grew, in rocks in which bedding is still well preserved.

Extremal energy properties and construction of stable solutions of the Euler equations

Abstract: Certain modifications of the Euler equations of fluid motion lead to systems in which the energy decays or grows monotonically, yet which preserve other dynamically important characteristics of the field. In particular, all topological invariants associated with the vorticity field are preserved. In cases where isolated energy extrema exist, a stable steady flow can be found. In two dimensions, highly constrained by vorticity invariants, it is shown that the modified dynamics will lead to at least one non-trivial stationary, generally stable, solution of the equations of motion from any initial conditions. Numerical implementation of the altered dynamics is straightforward, and thus provides a practical method for finding stable flows. The method is sufficiently general to be of use in other dynamical systems. Insofar as three-dimensional turbulence is characterized by a cascade of energy, but not topological invariants, from large to small scales, the procedure has direct physical significance. It may be useful as a parameterization of the effects of small unresolved scales on those explicitly resolved in a calculation of turbulent flow.

Transient flow of slightly compressible fluids through double-porosity, double-permeability systems ― a state-of-the-art review

Abstract: The theory of transient flow of slightly compressible fluids through naturally fractured reservoirs based on the double porosity conceptualization is summarized. The main achievements in the theory of fluid flow in leaky aquifer systems which are closely related with the double-porosity, double-permeability problems are also addressed. The main emphasis of this review is the analytical treatment of these problems.

From automata to fluid flow: Comparisons of simulation and theory.

Abstract: Lattice-gas automata have been proposed as a new way of doing numerical calculations for hydrodynamic systems. Here, a lattice-gas simulation is run to see whether its behavior really does correspond, as proposed, to that of the Navier-Stokes equation. The geometry used is the two-dimensional version of laminar pipe flow. Three checks on the existing theory are performed. The parabolic profile of momentum density arising from the dynamics is quantitatively verified. So is the equation of state, which arises from the statistical mechanics of the system. Finally, the well-known logarithmic divergence in the viscosity is observed in the automaton and is shown to disagree with the earliest theoretical predictions in this system. Proper agreement is achieved, however, when the theory is extended to include three extra (recently discovered) conserved quantities. In this way, checks of both linear and nonlinear parts of the hydrodynamic description of lattice-gas automata have been achieved.

Liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics

Abstract: Session A : Large Interaction Parameter.- Liquid metal in a strong magnetic field (General Lecture).- Numerical solutions of three-dimensional MHD flows in strong non-uniform transverse magnetic fields.- MHD-flows at high Rm, N and Ha.- MHD pressure drop of liquid metal flow in circular and rectangular ducts under transverse magnetic field.- Linear approximation application limits in MHD-flow theory for strong magnetic fields. Experimental results.- Session B : Fusion Related Flows.- Application of the core flow approach to MHD fluid flow in geometric elements of a fusion reactor blanket.- Experimental and theoretical work on MHD at the kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The MEKKA-program.- Liquid metal turbulent flow phenomena and their implications on fusion reactor blanket design.- Experimental investigation of 3-D MHD flows at high Hartmann number and interaction parameter.- Magnetohydrodynamics in nuclear energetics (General lecture).- Poster Session 1 : DC Fields.- Liquid metal flows with polydispersed solid and gaseous inclusions.- Dispersion of small particles in MHD flows.- Two-phase flows studies in mercury-air liquid metal MHD generators.- Liquid metal MHD generators in two-phase flow systems.- Modelling of magnetohydrodynamic two-phase flow in pipe.- Melt magnetohydrodynamics of single crystal growth.- The effect of electromagnetic field on semiconductor single crystal growth and characteristics.- Gas bubbles motion during vacuum treatment of liquid aluminium in MDV-type devices.- MHD turbulence decay behind spatial grids.- The effect of a uniform magnetic field on stability, transition and turbulence as a control means for liquid metal flow mixing.- Session C : Current Carrying Melts.- Electrically induced vortical flows (General lecture).- Liquid metal flow near magnetic neutral points.- Modelling of electrically induced flows for studying current carrying melts of electrometallurgical devices.- Session D : Aluminium Reduction Cells.- Amplitude evolution of interfacial waves in aluminium reduction cells.- Physical and mathematical modeling of MHD-processes in aluminium reduction cells.- On the analysis by perturbation methods of the anodic current fluctuations in an electrolytic cell for aluminium production.- Session E : AC Stirring.- Fluid flows induced by alternating magnetic (General lecture).- Fluid metal flow study in an induction furnace based on numerical simulation.- A high frequency induction furnace for oxide melting.- Directional melt-flow in channel induction furnaces.- Characteristic properties of MHD flow in magnetodynamic pumps.- Session F : Electromagnetic Shaping.- Deflection of a stream of liquid metal by means of an alternating magnetic field.- The shape of liquid metal jets under a uniform transverse magnetic field.- Electromagnetic control of liquid metal free surfaces.- Deformation of an electrically conducting drop in a magnetic field.- Controlled decomposition of liquid metal jets and films in technological and power devices.- Poster Session 2 : AC Fields.- More accurate skin-depth approximation.- Overall and local thickness measurement of layers with differing electrical properties.- Determination of MHD machine parameters using the 1D model of a non-uniform flow.- Experimental and theoretical studies on the stability of induction pumps at large Rm numbers.- 3500 m3/h MHD pump for fast breeder reactor.- Self-excitation of liquid metal MHD generators.- Comprehensive study on the MHD phenomena in the metal pool with the single-phase induction coil.- Grain refinement in continously cast ingots of light metals by electromagnetic casting.- Liquid metal flow control using AC fields.- Session G : Measurements.- Diagnostics of liquid metal flows using fibre-optic velocity sensor.- On local measurements of the up and downstream magnetic wake of a cylinder at low magnetic Reynolds number.- Metallurgical aspects of electromagnetic processing of materials (General lecture).- Session H : Dynamo Theory.- Liquid metal MHD and the geodynamo (General lecture).- The helical MHD dynamo.- The Ponomarenko dynamo.- MHD phenomena in fast neutron reactors with a liquid metal heat carrier.- Session I : Turbulence.- The effect of initial and boundary conditions upon the formation and development of MHD turbulence structure.- Two-dimensional MHD turbulence.- MHD instabilities and turbulence in liquid metal shear flows.- Session J : Stability with Uniform Field.- Dispersion and chaos in linear arrays of vortices.- Stability of magnetohydrodynamic flow over a stretching sheet.- Stability of closed azimuthal jet of liquid metal.