Fluorenone

About: Fluorenone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1067 publications have been published within this topic receiving 17162 citations. The topic is also known as: Diphenylene ketone & 9-Oxofluorene.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, method for producing the same, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Abstract: A charge generating layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a charge generating substance, polyvinyl acetal, and a fluorenone derivative.

Metal oxide supported palladium catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation

Abstract: A metal oxide supported palladium catalyst comprised of a β-Bi 2 O 3 /Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 hetero-junction catalyst support and palladium was developed. The catalyst was synthesized using a sol-gel technique as a nanocrystalline structure. In the presence of fluorene, an oxidant and ultraviolet irradiation, the catalyst converts the hydrocarbon to a mixture of fluorenol/fluorenone oxidation products. The close proximity between β-Bi 2 O 3 and Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 heterojunction phases in the catalyst is thought to be responsible for the efficient charge separation and catalytic activity. An indirect chemical probe method using active species scavengers elucidated that the photo-oxidation mechanism proceeds via holes and superoxide radical (O 2 . − ) moieties.

Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Permanganate Oxidation of Fluorenone Hydrazone in Alkaline Medium

Abstract: The oxidation kinetics of fluorenone hydrazone (FH) using potassium permanganate in alkaline medium were measured at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm−3 and at 25°C using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. A first-order kinetics has been monitored in the reaction of FH with respect to [permanganate]. Less-than-unit order dependence of the reaction on [FH] and [OH−] was revealed. No pronounced effect on the reaction rate by increasing ionic strength was recorded. Intervention of free radicals was observed in the reaction. The reaction mechanism describing the kinetic results was illustrated which involves formation of 1 : 1 intermediate complex between fluorenone hydrazones and the active species of permanganate. 9H-Fluorenone as the corresponding ketone was found to be the final oxidation product of fluorenone hydrazone as confirmed by GC/MS analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The expression rate law for the oxidation reaction was deduced. The reaction constants and mechanism have been evaluated. The activation parameters associated with the rate-limiting step of the reaction, along with the thermodynamic quantities of the equilibrium constants, have been calculated and discussed.

An electron-deficient MOF as an efficient electron-transfer catalyst for selective oxidative carbon-carbon coupling of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol.

Abstract: Naphthalene diimides (NDIs), a type of electron-deficient dye molecule with high quadrupole moment and excellent redox activity, have been utilized in various fields, such as energy transfer, chemical sensing, anion transport, and photo-/electrochromic materials. In this study, an electron-deficient metal-organic framework with one-dimensional channels, Eu2(BBNDI)3(DMF)2 (MOF 1) (H2BBNDI = N,N'-bis(3-benzoic acid)naphthalene diimide), was successfully constructed based on the naphthalene diimide derivative. Because of the generation of NDI radicals by electron transfer between components, this material exhibits fast-responsive reversible photochromic properties. Moreover, it shows high efficiency and selective oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol to its quinone derivative, aldehyde, and dimeric or trimeric phenol derivative by controlling the reaction conditions.

Dynamics of intermolecular electron transfer from amines to the excited states of 9-fluorenone

Abstract: Dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reactions between the singlet (S 1 ) and the triplet (T 1 ) excited states of 9-fluorenone or simply fluorenone and a few aromatic and aliphatic amines have been investigated under both diffusive and non-diffusive conditions. Formation of the fluorenone anion radical confirms the electron transfer (ET) from the amines to the excited states of fluorenone. Rate constants for both the forward ET process, k CS , and the charge recombination (CR) process, k CR , have been determined in acetonitrile and benzene solutions. Sub-picosecond time-resolved transient absorption study reveals that quenching of the S 1 state in acetonitrile is biexponential. Lifetime of one of these two components is independent of quencher concentration and its values determined for aniline (7.1 ps), dimethylaniline (8.5 ps) and diethylaniline (6.8 ps) are very similar. It represents the non-diffusive component of the PET reaction. But the lifetime of the other component decreases with increasing quencher concentration and the rate of this diffusive component of the PET reaction nearly agrees with the value determined using steady state fluorescence quenching method. To determine the intrinsic values of the rates of the PET reactions involving the S 1 state of fluorenone, the PET dynamics have been studied in these three neat donor solvents. The forward ET process is biexponential and the lifetimes of these two components are very similar in these solvents and vary in the range 0.3–0.5 ps and 6–8 ps. Nonexponential dynamics of the PET reactions conducted in neat donor–solvents have been discussed using a simple solvent reorientational model.