Topic
Flux
About: Flux is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14353 publications have been published within this topic receiving 289767 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the dissipation and Reynolds flux results shows excellent agreement on average, for wind speeds from 4 to 20 m s−1, for a modified Gill propeller-vane anemometer was used to measure the velocity.
Abstract: Measurements of the momentum flux were made by the Reynolds flux and dissipation methods on a deep water stable tower operated by the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, A modified Gill propeller-vane anemometer was used to measure the velocity. Drag coefficients from 196 Reynolds flux measurements agree well with those reported in Smith (1980) based on independent observations at the same site. Based on 192 runs, a comparison of the dissipation and Reynolds flux results shows excellent agreement on average, for wind speeds from 4 to 20 m s−1. The much more extensive dissipation data set (1086 h from the tower and 505 h from the weathership PAPA, CCGS Quadra) was used to investigate the dependence of the drag coefficient on wind speed, fetch and stability. The drag coefficient reduced to 10 m height and neutral conditions (CDN), is independent of stability and fetch (for fetch/height ≳800) but increases with wind speed above 10 m s−1. Some time series of the momentum flux and drag coefficient are ...
2,638 citations
01 May 2005
TL;DR: Global estimates of the seasonal flux of sediment, on a river-by-river basis, under modern and prehuman conditions are provided, showing African and Asian rivers carry a greatly reduced sediment load; Indonesian rivers deliver much more sediment to coastal areas.
Abstract: Here we provide global estimates of the seasonal flux of sediment, on a river-by-river basis, under modern and prehuman conditions. Humans have simultaneously increased the sediment transport by global rivers through soil erosion (by 2.3 ± 0.6 billion metric tons per year), yet reduced the flux of sediment reaching the world's coasts (by 1.4 ± 0.3 billion metric tons per year) because of retention within reservoirs. Over 100 billion metric tons of sediment and 1 to 3 billion metric tons of carbon are now sequestered in reservoirs constructed largely within the past 50 years. African and Asian rivers carry a greatly reduced sediment load; Indonesian rivers deliver much more sediment to coastal areas.
2,054 citations
TL;DR: The conservation-law form of the inviscid gasdynamic equations has the remarkable property that the nonlinear flux vectors are homogeneous functions of degree one as mentioned in this paper, which readily permits the splitting of flux vectors into subvectors by similarity transformations so that each subvector has associated with it a specified eigenvalue spectrum.
2,042 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Businger et al. reviewed the preferred relationships of Dyer and Hicks (1970) in the constant flux layer, and found that the preferred relationship was the one of the Dyer-H Hicks pair.
Abstract: Flux-profile relationships in the constant flux layer are reviewed The preferred relationships are found to be those of Dyer and Hicks (1970), namely, φ
H
=φ
W
=(1−16(z/L))−1/2, φ
M
=(1−16(z/L))−1/4 for the unstable region, and φ
H
=φ
W
=φ
M
= 1+5(z/L) for the stable region The carefully determined results of Businger et al (1971) remain a difficulty which calls for considerable clarification
1,564 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the mechanism of flux creep is thermally activated motion of bundles of flux lines, aided by the Lorentz force, over free energy barriers coming from the pinning effect of inhomogeneities, strains, dislocations, or other physical defects.
Abstract: Previous investigations of the critical state of the hard superconductor have defined it in terms of constants alpha and B/sub O/; alpha (T) = J/sub cr/ (B/sub cr/ + B/sub 0/). If the current density J or the field B is increased beyond the critical values, a process called flux creep'' sets in, and flux leaks through the material and returns it to the critical state. alpha (T) is a structure-sensitive constant of the material. A theory is presented to show that this behavior of alpha can be explained by assuming that the mechanism of flux creep is thermally activated motion of bundles of flux lines, aided by the Lorentz force, over free energy barriers coming from the pinning effect of inhomogeneities, strains, dislocations, or other physical defects. The theory also explains B/sub 0/, and predicts time relaxation behavior similar to those of magnetic aftereffect and some forms of plastic creep. (H.D.R.)
1,403 citations