Showing papers on "Fly ash published in 1971"

Lightweight,high strength concrete and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract: A LIGHTWEIGHT, HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE IS FORMED BY MIXING WITH WATER, AN ADMIXTURE OF FINE AGGREGATE CONSISTING SOLVELY OF COAL FLY ASH CENOSPHERES AND DRY HYDRAULIC CEMENT, THEN SOLIDIFYING THE MIXTURE.

Panel Bed Filters for Simultaneous Removal of Fly Ash and Sulfur Dioxide

Abstract: Experimental studies of the filtration of dilute aerosols of Dow microspheres by beds of sand have been conducted with flows passing vertically upward, vertically downward, and horizontally. With the use of Happel’s “free surface” model for a granular bed, the results can be correlated reasonably well by semiempirical, semitheoretical considerations taking into account collection by diffusion, gravity settling, direct interception, and inertial impaction. The results are preliminary to experiments to be made on filtration of aerosols by a filter cake of fly ash resting upon a sand bed.

Method for controlling air pollution

Abstract: 1. IN A METHOD OF DESULPHURIZING FLUE GAS PRODUCED FROM COMBUSTION OF A FUEL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF COAL AND OIL, THE STEPS WHICH COMPRISE BURNING SAID FUEL UNDER CONDITIONS WHICH PRODUCE FINELY-DIVIDED FLY ASH PARTICLES AND SULPHUR-BEARING INGREDIENTS IN THE FLUE GAS, CONTINOUALY MIXING QUICKLINE AND WATER ANF FORCING SAID MIXTURE INTO HIGH PRESSURE INTIMATE CONTACT, THUS CAUSING A REACTION TO TAKE PLACE UNDER PRESSURE WITH DEVELOPMENT OF STEAM AND PRODUCTION OF A FULLY HYDRATED LIME AND CONTINOUSLY INJECTING A STREAM OF SAID FULLY HYDRATED LIME AND SAID STEAM UNDER PRESSURE, WHILE SAID LINE IS STILL IN ITS FRESHLY FORMED STATE INTO THE AFORESAID FLUE GAS WHILE SAID FLUE GAS IS AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 1200*F.-2400*F. D R A W I N G

Air pollution controller

Abstract: A system for sequential removal of various air pollutants or contaminants such as fly ash, chemicals and hydrocarbons from exhaust systems consists of a series of afterburning, steam, fog, spray and washing chambers which remove toxics, hydrocarbons, fly ash and other undesirables before the fumes are emitted to the atmosphere. The sulfides or other chemicals removed during this process are placed in water solution which can be further refined, reclaimed, neutralized or disposed of.

Air treating apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus for removing fly ash, dust and other types of solid particles from flues and stacks to reduce the pollution of air Smoke, ash and dust are drawn or pushed by a fan into a barrel-like configuration having a series of water spray jets mounted therein Spraying the ash or dust increases the weight thereof causing it to settle to the bottom of the barrel-like member The apparatus may be placed directly upon a stack or supported upon a tower located adjacent the stack

Fly ash aggregate lightweight concrete

Abstract: A COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY INVESTIGATION CONCERNING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETES CONTAINING FOUR COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FLY ASH AGGREGATES IS PRESENTED. AIR-ENTRAINING AGENT REQUIREMENTS WERE HIGH WHEN FLY ASH AGGREGATE FINES WERE USED. HOWEVER, WHEN THESE FINES WERE COMPLETELY REPLACED WITH NATURAL SAND, THE AIR-ENTRAINING AGENT REQUIREMENTS WERE NORMAL. DUE TO THE GRADING OF THE FLY ASH AGGREGATE FINES, CONCRETES CONTAINING ONLY COARSE AND FINE FLY ASH AGGREGATE WERE VERY HARSH AND DIFFICULT TO CAST. HOWEVER, CONCRETES CONTAINING NATURAL SAND USED AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FLY ASH AGGREGATE FINES WERE QUITE WORKABLE. SINCE NATURAL SAND HAD TO BE USED IN ALL CONCRETES, THE 28-DAY UNIT WEIGHTS WERE LIMITED TO A MINIMUM OF ABOUT 96 LB PER CU FT AND INCREASED TO A MAXIMUM OF ABOUT 116 LB PER CU FT DEPENDING UPON THE AMOUNT OF NATURAL SAND FINES AND PORTLAND CEMENT USED. THE MEASURED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE FOUR CONCRETES FALL WITHIN THE RANGES SHOWN IN THE "GUIDE FOR STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE" OF THE AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE. /AUTHOR/

Production of water gas

Abstract: Water gas is produced by blowing steam through carbon suspended in a coal ash melt in a gasification section, the endothermic heat of reaction being supplied by the ash melt, which is continuously recirculating through a separate superheating section where the ash is superheated by burning fuel separately introduced into that section; the superheated ash is then conveyed to the gasification section, substantially free of oxidative gas, preferably by means of a heated gas lift.

Apparatus and method for injection and dissemination of dry fly ash in mine voids

Abstract: A supplemental source of compressed air is introduced near the discharge end of a conduit introducing air entrained dry fly ash into a mine void, to maintain the free flow characteristic of a fly ash mixture for a greater time and distance than would be the case without such introduction of supplemental air. A diffuser is used to disseminate the supplemental air into a plurality of streams.

Predictions of the effect of fly ash in portland cement mortar and concrete

Abstract: THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL FLY ASH VARIABLES AND THE PERFORMANCE OF MORTARS AND CONCRETE CONTAINING FLY ASH ARE DEVELOPED USING PUBLISHED DATA FROM WIDELY DIVERGENT SOURCES (INCLUDING THE RESULTS OF TWO ASTM INTERLABORATORY PROGRAMS). THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, DRYING SHRINKAGE, AND DURABILITY OF THE CONCRETE ARE RELATED TO THE CHANGE IN WATER REQUIREMENT BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE USE OF THE FLY ASH, AND THE CHANGE IN WATER REQUIREMENT IS SHOWN TO BE A FUNCTION OF SPECIFIC FLY ASH VARIABLES. /AUTHOR/

Treatment of flue gases and the like

Abstract: A PROCESS IS DESCRIBED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY SCRUBBING FLY ASH AND SULPHUR OXIDES FROM FLUE GASES. THE FLUE GASES ARE TREATED WITH AN AQUEOUS MIXTURE OF A METAL OXIDE HYDROXIDE OR CARBONATE WHICH FORMS A SUSPENSION OF AN INSOLUBLE OR PARTIALLY SOLUBLE METAL SULFITE AND FLY ASH THEREBY REMOVING SAID SULPHUR OXIDES AND FLY ASH FROM THE FLUE GASES. THE INSOLUBLE SULFITE IS CONVERTED TO THE SOLUBLE BISULFITE TO FACILITATE SEPARATION OF THE SOLID FLY ASH AND INSOLUBLE IMPURITIES AND THE SULFUR OXIDE AND METAL OXIDE ARE SUBSEQUENTLY RECOVERED FROM THE BISULFITE SLUTION.

Process for removing oil and other organic contaminants from water

Abstract: METHOD OF THE REMOVAL OF OIL AND OTHER ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM POLLUTED EFFLUENT, PARTICULARLY OIL REFINERY EFFLUENT. THE OIL IS SORBED BY CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL EITHER IN THE FORM OF -200 MESH OR FINER CARBON PARTICLES IN THE FORM OF COAL, FLY ASH OR ACTIVATED CARBON, OR A POROUS MATRIX COMPRISED OF SUCH FINELY DIVIDED CARBON PARTICLES AND A POWDERED PLASTIC SUCH AS POLYETHYLENE, OR A COMBINATION OF POWDERED CARBON PARTICLES AND MATRIX. THE SORBENT IS STRIPPED OF THE OIL THEREBY CONDITIONING THE SAME FOR REUSE IN THE SYSTEM, OR WITHDRAWAL FROM THE SYSTEM, IN THE CASE OF MATRIX FORMATION, FOR USE INDEPENDENT OF THE SYSTEM.

In-situ treatment of roadway

Abstract: A new bituminous coal fly ash is sulfopozzolanically reactive and contains combined sulfate in stated proportions relative to alkaline earth metal oxide content. Load-supporting compositions of this fly ash combined with aggregate, and a method of applying the new fly ash to an existing surface.

Rotary kiln-fired synthetic aggregates manufactured from texas lignite fly ash

Abstract: THE USE OF MANUFACTURED SYNTHETIC AGGREGATES IS INCREASING BECAUSE OF THE DEPLETION OF NATURAL AGGREGATE SUPPLIES AND THE TREND TOWARD WIDESPREAD USE OF LIGHT-WEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. WASTE MATERIALS AS WELL AS NATURAL CLAYS, SHALES, AND SLATES ARE BEING USED TO MANUFACTURE THESE SYNTHETIC AGGREGATES. THIS INVESTIGATION IS A STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION OF A SYNTHETIC AGGREGATE FROM FLY ASH, A WASTE PRODUCT OF AN ELECTRIC POWER PLANT. THE EFFECTS OF SEVERAL AGGLOMERATING AND EXTRUSION AIDS ON AN EXTRUDED KILN-FIRED FLY ASH AGGREGATE ARE EXAMINED. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE AGGREGATES WERE OBTAINED AND COMPARED WITH ASTM SPECIFICATION C 330 AND WITH THE RECOMMENDED SYNTHETIC COARSE AGGREGATE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF THE TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT FIVE OF THE SIX KILN-FIRED AGGREGATES ARE SUITABLE FOR ASPHALTIC CONCRETE SURFACES AND BASES, UNEXPOSED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE, PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, BASE COURSES, AND COVERSTONE FOR SEAL COATS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS. /AUTHOR/