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Showing papers on "Flyback converter published in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a bidirectional dc-dc converter suitable for an energy storage system with an additional function of galvanic isolation is presented, where an electric double layer capacitor is directly connected to a dc side of the converter without any chopper circuit.
Abstract: This paper addresses a bidirectional dc-dc converter suitable for an energy storage system with an additional function of galvanic isolation. An energy storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor is directly connected to a dc side of the dc-dc converter without any chopper circuit. Nevertheless, the dc-dc converter can continue operating when the voltage across the energy storage device drops along with its discharge. Theoretical calculation and experimental measurement reveal that power loss and peak current impose limitations on a permissible dc-voltage range. This information may be useful in design of the dc-dc converter. Experimental results verify proper charging and discharging operation obtained from a 200-V, 2.6-kJ laboratory model of the energy storage system. Moreover, the dc-dc converter can charge the capacitor bank from zero to the rated voltage without any external precharging circuit.

675 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel topology for asymmetrical cascade multilevel converter is presented, which consists of series connected sub-multilevel converters blocks and it can generate more dc voltage levels than other topologies.

362 citations


Patent
08 Aug 2007
TL;DR: A DC/DC converter includes a pre-converter stage, which may include a charge pump, and a post-regulator stage, such as a Buck converter as mentioned in this paper, whose duty factor is controlled by a feedback path.
Abstract: A DC/DC converter includes a pre-converter stage, which may include a charge pump, and a post-regulator stage, which may include a Buck converter. The duty factor of the post-regulator stage is controlled by a feedback path that extends from the output terminal of the DC/DC converter to an input terminal in the post-regulator stage. The pre-converter steps the input DC voltage up or down by a positive or negative integral or fractional value, and the post-regulator steps the voltage down by a variable amount depending on the duty factor at which the post-regulator is driven. The converter overcomes the problems of noise glitches, poor regulation, and instability, even near unity input-to-output voltage conversion ratios.

240 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two fundamental conclusions are derived from this study: (1) the buck–boost DC/DC converter topology is the only one which allows the follow-up of the PV module maximum power point regardless of temperature, irradiance and connected load and (2) the connection of a buck– boost DC/ DC converter in a photovoltaic facility to the panel output could be a good practice to improve performance.

239 citations


Patent
08 Aug 2007
TL;DR: A DC/DC converter includes a pre-regulator stage, which may include a boost converter, and a post-converter stage which may including a charge pump.
Abstract: A DC/DC converter includes a pre-regulator stage, which may include a boost converter, and a post-converter stage, which may include a charge pump. The duty factor of the pre-regulator stage is controlled by a feedback path that extends from the output terminal of the pre-regulator stage or the post-converter stage. The pre-regulator steps the input DC voltage up by a variable amount depending on the duty factor, and the post-converter steps the voltage at the output of the pre-regulator up or down by an positive or negative integral or fractional value. The converter overcomes the problems of noise glitches, poor regulation, and instability, even near unity input-to-output voltage conversion ratios.

205 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel power-factor-corrected single-stage alternating current/direct current converter for inductive charging of electric vehicle batteries is introduced that uses the current-source characteristic of the series-parallel topology to provide power-Factor correction over a wide output power range from zero to full load.
Abstract: A novel power-factor-corrected single-stage alternating current/direct current converter for inductive charging of electric vehicle batteries is introduced. The resonant converter uses the current-source characteristic of the series-parallel topology to provide power-factor correction over a wide output power range from zero to full load. Some design guidelines for this converter are outlined. An approximate small-signal model of the converter is also presented. Experimental results verify the operation of the new converter

193 citations


Patent
06 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a converter circuit providing multiple current bypass routes between the output leads to provide reliability in a series connection of several converters is proposed, where a converter is implemented as a buck plus boost converter where either the buck or the boost portion or both are operative responsive to a controller controlling the switches of both portions.
Abstract: A converter circuit providing multiple current bypass routes between the output leads to provide reliability in a series connection of several converters. If the converter malfunctions due to component failure, the current bypass routes provide a path for the current that views the malfunctioning converter as substantially a short. Diodes prevent backflow into the power source connected to the converter. Redundancy is provided in the bypass portions of the converter circuit that provides alternate parallel paths in case a defective component in one of the paths opens the circuit along that path. In one example, the converter is implemented as a buck plus boost converter where either the buck or the boost portion or both are operative responsive to a controller controlling the switches of both portions. Most of the converter circuit may be implemented in an integrated circuit.

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A soft-switched full-bridge converter that features zero-voltage-switching of the bridge switches over a wide range of input voltage and output load is introduced and achieves ZVS with substantially reduced duty-cycle loss and circulating current.
Abstract: A soft-switched full-bridge (FB) converter that features zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of the bridge switches over a wide output-load range is introduced. The proposed converter achieves ZVS with substantially reduced duty-cycle loss and circulating current. The control of the proposed converter can be implemented either with the phase-shift or pulsewidth modulated (PWM) technique. The performance of the proposed topology was verified on a 2-kW (48-V/40-A) experimental PWM FB converter prototype operating at 120 kHz from a 380-V dc input

159 citations


Reference EntryDOI
15 Jun 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a state-space averaging method is used to simulate the converter transfer functions in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, using computer programs such as SPICE.
Abstract: DC–DC power converters employ switched-mode circuitry to change dc voltages and currents with efficiencies approaching 100% Basic converter circuits can reduce the voltage (buck converter), increase the voltage (boost converter) or both (buck-boost, Cuk, and SEPIC converters) Transformer-isolated circuits include the bridge, forward, and flyback converters Loss mechanisms include conduction loss arising from resistances or forward voltage drops of the power components, and switching loss generated during the transistor and diode switching transitions Synchronous rectifiers can be employed to reduce the significant conduction loss caused by diode forward voltage drops in low-voltage applications The discontinuous conduction mode may arise when the inductor current is sufficiently small, which causes the output voltage to be strongly load-dependent Voltage-mode control employs pulse-width modulation to regulate the converter output voltage or other quantities through variation of the transistor duty cycle Another popular technique is current-mode control, in which a circuit eauses the peak transistor current to follow a control reference signal Averaging methods are commonly employed to model the dynamics and efficiency of dc–dc power converters The state-space averaging method leads to an equivalent circuit model that predicts the converter small-signal transfer functions The circuit averaging technique is easily applied to simulate the converter transfer functions, in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, using computer programs such as SPICE 1 Introduction 2 Converter Circuit Topologies 3 Analysis of Converter Waveforms 4 Transformer Isolation 5 Switch Implementation 6 Discontinuous Conduction Mode 7 Current-Mode Control 8 DC-DC Converter Modeling Keywords: pulse-width modulation; voltage-mode control; buck converter; boost converter; buck-boost converter; state-space averaging method

138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a photovoltaic module integrated converter is implemented with a current fed two-inductor boost converter cascaded with a line frequency unfolder, where passive lossless snubbers are employed to recover the energy trapped in the transformer leakage inductance and to minimize the switching losses.
Abstract: In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) module integrated converter is implemented with a current fed two-inductor boost converter cascaded with a line frequency unfolder. The current source is a sinusoidally modulated two-phase buck converter with an interphase transformer. The boost cell operates at a fixed duty ratio and has an integrated magnetic structure. The two inductors and the transformer are integrated into one magnetic core. Passive lossless snubbers are employed to recover the energy trapped in the transformer leakage inductance and to minimize the switching losses. The two-inductor boost converter output interfaces with the mains via an unfolding stage, where the MOSFETs are driven by the PV gate drivers. Experimental results are provided for a 100-W converter developing a single phase 240-V 50-Hz output

137 citations


Patent
19 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a power module for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle including an integrated converter having a rectifier changing AC to DC, a DC/DC converter changing from a first voltage to a second voltage, and a battery storing electrical energy.
Abstract: This invention relates to a power module for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle including an integrated converter having a rectifier changing AC to DC, a DC/DC converter changing from a first voltage to a second voltage, and a battery storing electrical energy. The integrated converter operates in three modes 1) AC plug-in charging mode, 2) boost mode supplying power from the battery to the electrical bus and 3) buck mode supplying power from the electrical bus to the battery. The integrated converter utilizes the same single inductor during each of the three operating modes to reduce cost and weight of the system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a soft-switching zeta-flyback converter is proposed to achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) by sharing the power components in the transformer primary side, achieving partial magnetizing flux reset, and sharing the output power.
Abstract: This paper presents the system analysis, design consideration, and implementation of a soft-switching zeta-flyback converter to achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS). In the proposed converter, the zeta and flyback topologies are adopted in the output side to achieve the following features: to share the power components in the transformer primary side, to achieve the partial magnetizing flux reset, and to share the output power. The buck-boost type of active clamp is connected in parallel with the primary side of the isolation transformer to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of isolated transformer and to limit the peak voltage stress of switching devices due to the transformer leakage inductor when the main switch is turned off. The active clamp circuit can make the switching devices to turn on at ZVS. Experimental results taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 240 W, input voltage of 150 V, output voltage of 12 V, and switching frequency of 150 kHz are presented to demonstrate the converter performance. Based on the experimental results, the circuit efficiency is about 90.5% at rated output power, and the output voltage variation is about 1%.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Jun 2007
TL;DR: A different approach to obtain the high boosting gain is proposed: the tapped-inductor boost converter, which has few components and high efficiency, and also operates in a simple way.
Abstract: In many emerging applications it is required a high boosting gain; in the literature has been proposed many topologies to make this possible, since the traditional dc-dc boost converter can not make the very high boosting function by itself. In this paper a different approach to obtain the high boosting gain is proposed: the tapped-inductor boost converter. This converter has few components and high efficiency, and also operates in a simple way. Analysis and experimental results are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel LCL-T resonant converter with clamp diodes is proposed in this paper, which has built-in CC-CV characteristics and is rugged and reliable.
Abstract: The LCL-T resonant converter behaves as a constant-current (CC) source when operated at the resonant frequency. The output voltage of a CC power supply increases linearly with the load resistance. Therefore, a constant-voltage (CV) limit must be incorporated in the converter for its use in practical applications wherein the open-load condition is commonly experienced by a CC power supply, such as in an arc welding power supply. A novel LCL-T resonant converter with clamp diodes is proposed in this paper, which has built-in CC-CV characteristics. Since the CC-CV characteristics are inherent to the converter, and complex feedback control is not required, the proposed converter is rugged and reliable. The principle of operation of the converter is explained. Experimental results on a 500-W prototype are presented to demonstrate the inherent CC-CV behavior of the converter. Simple extensions of the topology featuring variable CV limits are described

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-transformer active-clamping zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) flyback converter is proposed, which is mainly composed of two activeclamping flyback converters.
Abstract: This paper presents a two-transformer active-clamping zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) flyback converter, which is mainly composed of two active-clamping flyback converters. By utilizing two separate transformers, the proposed converter allows a low-profile design to be readily implemented while retaining the merits of a conventional single-transformer topology. The presented two-transformer active-clamping ZVS flyback converter can approximately share the total load current between two secondaries. Therefore, the transformer copper loss and the rectifier diode conduction loss can be decreased. Detailed analysis and design of this new two-transformer active-clamping ZVS flyback converter are described. Experimental results are recorded for a prototype converter with an ac input voltage ranging from 85 to 135 V, an output voltage of 24 V and an output current of 8 A, operating at a switching frequency of 180 kHz.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
07 May 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a half-bridge LLC resonant converter with integrated transformer is presented, where the gain equation is derived based on the leakage inductance in the transformer secondary side and the practical design procedure is investigated to optimize the resonant network for a given input/output specifications.
Abstract: LLC resonant converter has a lot of advantages over the conventional series resonant converter and parallel resonant converter; narrow frequency variation over wide load and input variation, Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) for entire load range and integration of magnetic components. This paper presents analysis and design consideration for half-bridge LLC resonant converter with integrated transformer. Using the fundamental approximation, the gain equation is obtained, where the leakage inductance in the transformer secondary side is also considered. Based on the gain equation, the practical design procedure is investigated to optimize the resonant network for a given input/ output specifications. The analysis and design procedure are verified through an experimental prototype converter.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
07 May 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a bi-directional dc/dc converter suitable for an energy storage system with an additional function of galvanic isolation is presented, where an electric double layer capacitor is directly connected to one of the dc buses of the converter without any chopper circuit.
Abstract: This paper addresses a bi-directional dc/dc converter suitable for an energy storage system with an additional function of galvanic isolation. An energy storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor is directly connected to one of the dc buses of the dc/dc converter without any chopper circuit. Nevertheless, the dc/dc converter can continue operating when the voltage across the energy storage device droops along with its discharge. Theoretical calculation and experimental measurement reveal that power loss and peak current impose limitations on a permissible dc-voltage range. This information may be useful in design of the dc/dc converter. A laboratory model of the energy storage system rated at 200 V and 2.6 kJ designed and constructed in this paper verifies that the dc/dc converter can charge and discharge the capacitor bank properly. Moreover, the dc/dc converter can charge the capacitor bank from zero to the rated voltage without any external precharging circuit.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 Apr 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a voltage balancer for dc distribution is proposed and studied and computer simulation results demonstrated that dc micro-grid was able to supply both ac and dc power to loads simultaneously and stably by 3-wire dc distribution line and load side converters.
Abstract: DC micro-grid is a novel super high quality electric power system. The power is transmitted through dc distribution line and converted to required ac or dc voltages by converters placed near loads. Those load side converters do not need transformers by choosing proper dc distribution voltage (plusmn170 V). The dc power line is composed of 3 wires: +170 V line, neutral line and -170 V line. The distribution voltages have to be balanced to keep high quality power supplying. In this paper, a voltage balancer for dc distribution are proposed and studied. Computer simulation results demonstrated that dc micro-grid was able to supply both ac and dc power to loads simultaneously and stably by 3-wire dc distribution line and load side converters. In addition, another voltage balancer (dc/dc converter type) is also proposed and studied in the last section.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-phase flyback inverter for photovoltaic applications is proposed to achieve low-frequency ripple current reduction on the DC busbar and to draw sinusoidal current into the AC grid.
Abstract: A novel single-phase flyback inverter for photovoltaic applications is proposed to achieve low-frequency ripple current reduction on the DC busbar and to draw sinusoidal current into the AC grid. Based on capacitive idling techniques, the proposed circuit topology is derived from a single-ended primary-inductance converter and two-switch flyback inverter to obtain soft-switching operation for all of the active switches. Compared with a buck-boost inverter and other flyback inverter topologies for AC photovoltaic module systems, no extra active switches are used in the proposed inverter to realise both soft-switching and enhanced power decoupling with only four active switches. Peak-current mode control method is employed in the control schemes to ensure pure sinusoidal current with unity power factor on the AC grid. Laboratory experimental results based on a 500 W prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed inverter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the variable frequency operation of the ZVS two-inductor boost converter to secure an adjustable output voltage range while maintaining the resonant switching transitions, achieving part load efficiencies above 92% and an efficiency of 89.6% at the maximum power of 200W.
Abstract: The two-inductor boost converter has been previously presented in a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) form where the transformer leakage inductance and the MOSFET output capacitance can be utilized as part of the resonant elements. In many applications, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in grid interactive photovoltaic systems, the resonant two-inductor boost converter is required to operate with variable input output voltage ratios. This paper studies the variable frequency operation of the ZVS two-inductor boost converter to secure an adjustable output voltage range while maintaining the resonant switching transitions. The design method of the resonant converter is thoroughly investigated and explicit control functions relating the circuit timing factors and the voltage gain for a 200-W converter are established. The converter has an input voltage of 20V and is able to produce a variable output voltage from 169V to 340V while retaining ZVS with a frequency variation of 1MHz to 407kHz. Five sets of theoretical, simulation and experimental waveforms are provided for the selected operating points over the variable load range at the end of the paper and they agree reasonably well. The converter has achieved part load efficiencies above 92% and an efficiency of 89.6% at the maximum power of 200W

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a bi-directional DC-DC converter, which can boost DC voltage from 24 V to 240 V and also buck DC voltage between 240 V to 24 V, is presented.
Abstract: A bi-directional DC-DC converter,which can boost DC voltage from 24 V to 240 V and also can buck DC voltage from 240 V to 24 V,used in low or medium power application is presented in the paper.An isolation transformer is used in the converter and two full-bridges are on the both sides of transformer.Achieving bi-directional flow of power using the same power components,the converter essentially operates in the buck mode,the main DC power,which usually converted from ac or fuel cell,provides power to the load and charges battery to 24 V,only on failure of the main source,it uses battery to replace the main power.A new control strategy is applied in the converter to realize zero voltage switching without additional devices in the circuit.The operating principle and theoretical analysis are also provided in the paper,and simulation and experimental results verifying the system of high efficiency,reliable and simplicity.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jun-Young Lee1
TL;DR: A single-phase single-stage ac/dc converter with input-current dead-zone control based on flyback topology operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) can maintain an almost-constant voltage irrespective of load conditions by operating in dc/dc stage in DCM.
Abstract: A single-phase single-stage ac/dc converter with input-current dead-zone control is proposed. It is based on flyback topology operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The current charging into the link capacitor is controlled according to line changes by adjusting the input-current blocking angle to alleviate an excessive increase of the link voltage. The reduced voltage stress can maintain an almost-constant voltage irrespective of load conditions by operating in dc/dc stage in DCM. Experimental results of a 60-W (5-V 12-A output) prototype converter show that the link voltage is limited within 384 V and that the measured power factor is more than 0.91 under universal voltage inputs and entire load conditions. In addition, the maximum efficiency is measured to be about 81% at the rated condition

Patent
13 Feb 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a power converter comprises a direct current (DC)-DC converter configured to receive an input voltage in the primary domain, a transformer coupled to and driven by the DC-DC converter and supplying an output voltage in a secondary domain, and a transmission path configured to pass a digital feedback signal through an isolation barrier from the secondary domain to the main domain.
Abstract: A power converter comprises a direct current (DC)-DC converter configured to receive an input voltage in a primary domain, a transformer coupled to and driven by the DC-DC converter and supplying an output voltage in a secondary domain, and a transmission path configured to pass a digital feedback signal through an isolation barrier from the secondary domain to the primary domain.

Patent
04 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus provides welding-type power and preferably includes a removable battery or other energy storage device, a converter connected to the battery, and a controller.
Abstract: A method and apparatus provides welding-type power and preferably includes a removable battery or other energy storage device, a converter connected to the battery, and a controller. The controller may have a CV and/or a CSC and/or an AC weld control module, and/or an ac auxiliary control module. The converter is a boost converter, a buck converter, a cuk converter, a forward converter, an inverter, a bridge converter, and/or a resonant converter. The controller may include a battery charging control module, and may have one or more charging schedules, and/or data for stored charge, thermal information, expected life of the battery, maximum amp-hour charge for the battery, maximum charging current and/or feedback. The battery charging schedules may include at least 3 phases, such as a phase of increasing voltage and a phase of decreasing current, a substantially constant power phase. The controller can wirelessly provide data to a display or pda. A generator may provide power to the battery, charger, and/or the weld. It can include a vehicle and use its dc power system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the split ac converter to the asymmetric converter through experiments and demonstrate that the split AC converter is the most advantageous with respect to cost, efficiency, and acoustic noise.
Abstract: Low-cost switched-reluctance-motor (SRM) drive systems are actively sought for high-efficiency home appliances and power tools. Minimizing the number of switching devices has been in power converters that is the main method to reduce drive costs. Single-switch-per-phase converters have been cost effective due to the compactness of the converter package resulting in a possible reduction in their cost. However, some of the single-switch-per-phase converters have the drawbacks that include higher losses and low-system efficiency. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the choice narrows down to the split ac converter through the quantitative analysis in terms of device ratings, cost, switching losses, conduction losses, and converter efficiency. Simulations to verify the characteristics of the converter circuit and control feasibility are presented. The motor drive is realized with a novel two-phase flux-reversal-free-stator SRM and a split ac converter. The efficiency with various loads is numerically estimated and experimentally compared from the viewpoint of subsystem and system in details. The acoustic noise with no load and full load is also compared. The focus of this paper is to compare the considered split ac converter to the asymmetric converter through experiments and demonstrate that the split ac converter is the most advantageous with respect to cost, efficiency, and acoustic noise

Patent
13 Sep 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a power supply consisting of a boost converter and a flyback converter is presented. But the inductive element of the boost converter is used as a primary winding of a transformer of the flyback converter.
Abstract: A power supply, comprising a boost converter which provides voltage to a first load, and a flyback converter which provides voltage to a second load and which utilizes an inductive element of the boost converter as a primary winding of a transformer of the flyback converter. Also, a power supply comprising a MOSFET which is disposed between solid state elements and a second reference potential and which controls current flowing through the solid state elements. Also, a circuit comprising a transformer, a first circuit portion comprising the primary winding of the transformer and a second circuit portion comprising the secondary winding of the transformer. Also, a power supply comprising means for using a common transformer for providing a boost converter and a flyback converter. Also, a power supply comprising a transformer, means for providing a boost converter utilizing the transformer, and means for providing a flyback converter utilizing the transformer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A zero voltage switching based on LLC resonant topology is proposed to implement a single-stage AC/DC converter which performs both input-current harmonics reduction and power factor correction.
Abstract: A zero voltage switching based on LLC resonant topology is proposed to implement a single-stage AC/DC converter which performs both input-current harmonics reduction and power factor correction (PFC). By integrating a boost-PFC cell and an LLC resonant DC/DC cell into a single power conversion stage, the power losses in the secondary rectifier diodes and the primary switches can be significantly reduced. The proposed architecture exhibits extreme simplicity and lower cost while providing nearly unity power factor and well-regulated output; hence, the proposed converter is very suitable for low power level applications. The operating principles and design procedures for the proposed converter are analysed and discussed. Simulation and experimental results from a 125 W laboratory prototype are provided to verify the feasibility.

Patent
16 Mar 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a flexible-order power-distributive control (FOPDC) for a DC/DC converter, which can correctly regulate multiple outputs with fast transient response, low cross regulation, and effective switching frequency for each output.
Abstract: The invention relates to a DC/DC converter design. The converter requires only one single inductor to draw energy from one input source and distribute it to more than one outputs, employing Flexible-Order Power-Distributive Control (FOPDC). It include a single inductor, a number of power switches, comparators, only one error amplifier, a detecting circuit and a control block to regulate outputs. This converter can correctly regulate multiple outputs with fast transient response, low cross regulation, and effective switching frequency for each output. It can work in both discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and continuous conduction mode (CCM). Moreover, with FOPDC, future output extension is simple, making a shorter time-to-market process for next versions of the converter. The design can be applied to different types of DC-DC converter.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2007
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient high power high step up dc-dc converter is presented for interfacing distributed energy storage elements like, fuel cells, batteries, and ultracapacitors with the high voltage dc bus in electrical vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
Abstract: In this paper an efficient high power high-step up dc- dc converter is presented for interfacing distributed energy storage elements like, fuel cells, batteries, and ultracapacitors with the high voltage dc bus in Electrical Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). In the proposed converter, coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved and a boost converter is used to clamp the switch voltage of the interleaved converters at a lower voltage. Leakage energy of all the interleaved converters are gathered in one clamping capacitor and discharged to the output by the clamping boost converter. The interleaving and low voltage clamping of coupled-inductor boost converters enable to achieve high efficiency. Design and analysis of the proposed converter are presented. Finally simulation results are provided for verification of the proposed converter.

Patent
15 Feb 2007
TL;DR: An AC-to-DC voltage converter as power supply for lamp converts an AC input voltage to a constant DC voltage at predetermined value set by potentiometer The converter includes input power supply 210, input protection circuit 201, EMI filter 202, rectifier 203, filter 204, converter 206, output filter 214, lamp 211, start circuit 208, control circuit 209, biasing circuit 212, sampling circuit 207, output protection circuit 200, feedback and dimming circuit 205 and input monitor circuit 213 This version is a flyback converter; versions from other topologies etc are also provided The
Abstract: An AC-to-DC voltage converter as power supply for lamp converts an AC input voltage to a constant DC voltage at predetermined value set by potentiometer The converter includes input power supply 210, input protection circuit 201, EMI filter 202, rectifier 203, filter 204, converter 206, output filter 214, lamp 211, start circuit 208, control circuit 209, biasing circuit 212, sampling circuit 207, output protection circuit 200, feedback and dimming circuit 205 and input monitor circuit 213 This version is a flyback converter; versions from other topologies etc are also provided The converter has feedback function that can regulate output voltage at predetermined value The converter has dimming function and can adjust lamp brightness for conformability The output constant brightness decreases peoples' eyes fatigue to minimum level