Forging

About: Forging is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 27329 publications have been published within this topic receiving 148197 citations.

Hot deformation behavior and processing map of a typical Ni-based superalloy

Abstract: The hot compressive deformation behaviors of a typical Ni-based superalloy are investigated over wide ranges of forming temperature and strain rate. Based on the experimental data, the efficiencies of power dissipation and instability parameters are evaluated and processing maps are developed to optimize the hot working processing. The microstructures of the studied Ni-based superalloy are analyzed to correlate with the processing maps. It can be found that the flow stress is sensitive to the forming temperature and strain rate. With the increase of forming temperature or the decrease of strain rate, the flow stress significantly decreases. The changes of instability domains may be related to the adiabatic shear bands and the evolution of δ phase(Ni 3 Nb) during the hot formation. Three optimum hot deformation domains for different forming processes (ingot cogging, conventional die forging and isothermal die forging) are identified, which are validated by the microstructural features and adiabatic shear bands. The optimum window for the ingot cogging processing is identified as the temperature range of 1010–1040 °C and strain rate range of 0.1–1 s −1 . The temperature range of 980–1040 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–0.1 s −1 can be selected for the conventional die forging. Additionally, the optimum hot working domain for the isothermal die forging is 1010–1040 °C and near/below 0.001 s −1 .

High-strength Damascus steel by additive manufacturing

Abstract: Laser additive manufacturing is attractive for the production of complex, three-dimensional parts from metallic powder using a computer-aided design model1–3 The approach enables the digital control of the processing parameters and thus the resulting alloy’s microstructure, for example, by using high cooling rates and cyclic re-heating4–10 We recently showed that this cyclic re-heating, the so-called intrinsic heat treatment, can trigger nickel-aluminium precipitation in an iron–nickel–aluminium alloy in situ during laser additive manufacturing9 Here we report a Fe19Ni5Ti (weight per cent) steel tailor-designed for laser additive manufacturing This steel is hardened in situ by nickel-titanium nanoprecipitation, and martensite is also formed in situ, starting at a readily accessible temperature of 200 degrees Celsius Local control of both the nanoprecipitation and the martensitic transformation during the fabrication leads to complex microstructure hierarchies across multiple length scales, from approximately 100-micrometre-thick layers down to nanoscale precipitates Inspired by ancient Damascus steels11–14—which have hard and soft layers, originally introduced via the folding and forging techniques of skilled blacksmiths—we produced a material consisting of alternating soft and hard layers Our material has a tensile strength of 1,300 megapascals and 10 per cent elongation, showing superior mechanical properties to those of ancient Damascus steel12 The principles of in situ precipitation strengthening and local microstructure control used here can be applied to a wide range of precipitation-hardened alloys and different additive manufacturing processes A Damascus-like steel consisting of alternating hard and soft layers is created by using a laser additive manufacturing technique and digital control of the processing parameters

The thermomechanical processing of alpha/beta titanium alloys

Abstract: In this article, the thermomechanical processing of ingot-metallurgy alpha/beta titanium alloys is summarized, with special emphasis on microstructure evolution and workability considerations. Primary hot working dealing with the conversion of ingot structures to fine-equiaxed wrought structures is addressed. In this regard, the breakdown of lamellar microstructures, the occurrence of cavitation/wedge cracking, and the development of crystallographic texture are described. Secondary processes such as sheet rolling, superplastic forming, and closed-die forging are also reviewed.

Handbook of metal-forming processes

Abstract: Basic Concepts. Forging. Flow Through Conical Converging Dies. Conventional Extrusion: Direct and Indirect. Recent Developments of Continuous Wiremaking Machines. Impact Extrusion. Hydrostatic Extrusion. Bimetals. Tubing and Tubular Products. Deep-Drawing. Ironing. High-Energy-Rate Forming. Rolling. Spinning. Pressure-Induced Ductility, Reversible Flow, and Metalworking under Pressure. Friction. Soft Tooling. Replacing Brute Force. Index.