Topic
Forward osmosis
About: Forward osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 127760 citations. The topic is also known as: FO.
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TL;DR: This review attempts to define the steps still required for FO to reach full-scale potential in wastewater treatment and water reclamation by discussing current novelties, bottlenecks and future perspectives of FO technology in the wastewater sector.
658 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review on membrane fouling in ODMPs with a focus on the elaboration of the factors and mechanisms governing the fouling behavior is provided in this paper, where a general osmotic-resistance filtration model is presented to assist in the interpretation of the intrinsic interrelationships among those fouling factors and mechanism.
629 citations
TL;DR: A model was developed that describes the reverse permeation of draw solution across an asymmetric membrane in forward osmosis operation and demonstrates that the reverse flux selectivity, the ratio of the forward water flux to the reverse solute flux, is a key parameter in the design of osmotically driven membrane processes.
Abstract: Osmotically driven membrane processes are an emerging set of technologies that show promise in water and wastewater treatment, desalination, and power generation. The effective operation of these systems requires that the reverse flux of draw solute from the draw solution into the feed solution be minimized. A model was developed that describes the reverse permeation of draw solution across an asymmetric membrane in forward osmosis operation. Experiments were carried out to validate the model predictions with a highly soluble salt (NaCl) as a draw solution and a cellulose acetate membrane designed for forward osmosis. Using independently determined membrane transport coefficients, strong agreement between the model predictions and experimental results was observed. Further analysis shows that the reverse flux selectivity, the ratio of the forward water flux to the reverse solute flux, is a key parameter in the design of osmotically driven membrane processes. The model predictions and experiments demonstra...
618 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanisms governing internal concentration polarization (ICP) were studied using well-controlled forward osmosis experiments and the relationship between osmotic pressure and water flux was observed across a range of solute concentrations and molecular weights.
600 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of various physical and chemical interactions, such as intermolecular adhesion forces, calcium binding, initial permeate flux, and membrane orientation, in organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes was investigated.
600 citations