Topic
Forward osmosis
About: Forward osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 127760 citations. The topic is also known as: FO.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two membrane-based energy conversion techniques are evaluated: pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis, with respect to power density and energy recovery.
535 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thin film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis (FO) membranes with tailored support structure were prepared via phase inversion, and the polyamide rejection layers were synthesized by interfacial polymerization.
528 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two reverse osmosis (RO) brine streams with total dissolved solids concentrations averaging 7500 and 17,500 mg/L were further desalinated by VEDCMD and FO.
514 citations
TL;DR: A theoretical model to predict the water flux in pressure retarded osmosis, from which the power density that can be achieved by a membrane is predicted, is presented, the first to incorporate external concentration polarization, a performance limiting phenomenon that becomes significant for high-performance membranes.
Abstract: Pressure retarded osmosis has the potential to produce renewable energy from natural salinity gradients. This work presents the fabrication of thin-film composite membranes customized for high performance in pressure retarded osmosis. We also present the development of a theoretical model to predict the water flux in pressure retarded osmosis, from which we can predict the power density that can be achieved by a membrane. The model is the first to incorporate external concentration polarization, a performance limiting phenomenon that becomes significant for high-performance membranes. The fabricated membranes consist of a selective polyamide layer formed by interfacial polymerization on top of a polysulfone support layer made by phase separation. The highly porous support layer (structural parameter S = 349 μm), which minimizes internal concentration polarization, allows the transport properties of the active layer to be customized to enhance PRO performance. It is shown that a hand-cast membrane that bal...
503 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of temperature, membrane type, membrane orientation, type and concentration of draw solution was investigated to optimize forward osmosis (FO) membrane performance using deionised water.
495 citations