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Showing papers on "Four-force published in 1978"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the positive energy argument of Geroch for time-symmetric initial data sets can be generalized to general initial data set and shown to be applicable to general data sets.
Abstract: We show that the positive energy argument of Geroch for time‐symmetric initial data sets can be generalized to general initial data sets

101 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the quantum field theory of Einstein's general relativity is formulated in the indefinite metric Hilbert space in such a way that asymptotic fields are manifestly Lorentz covariant and the physical S-matrix is unitary.
Abstract: Quantum field theory of Einstein's general relativity is formulated in the indefinite­ metric Hilbert space in such a way that asymptotic fields are manifestly Lorentz covariant and the physical S-matrix is unitary. The general coordinate transformation is transcribed into a q-number transformation, called the BRS transformation. Its abstract definition is presented on the basis of the BRS transformation for the Yang-Mills theory. The BRS transformation for general relativity is then explicitly constructed. The gauge-fixing Lagrangian density and the Faddeev-Popov one are introduced in such a way that their sum behaves like a scalar density under the BRS transformation. One can then proceed in the same way as in the Kugo-Ojima formalism of the Yang-l\1ills theory to estnblish thL> unitarity of the physical S-matrix.

67 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Stuckelberg-Feynman reinterpretation principle is used to explain why tachyons do not imply causality violation within relativistic theories.
Abstract: In this paper we explain why and how tachyons do not imply any causality violation within relativistic theories. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the Stuckelberg-Feynman reinterpretation principle, both in ordinary physics and in tachyon physics.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: According to a standard view, Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity left the problem of absolute space untouched and it required the General Theory ofRelativity for its solution as discussed by the authors, which is a mistaken view.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION According to a standard view, Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity left the problem of absolute space untouched and it required the General Theory of Relativity for its solution. Einstein himself seems to have held this view. I shall argue that it is a mistaken view. I shall try to give what I take to be a correct account of the logical situation. It will turn out that Einstein, to an appreciable extent, underestimated the philosophical achievement of his Special Theory. I am quite sure that I am not alone in my heterodox position on this issue, but the standard view has gained very wide currency arid deserves to be more openly challenged than it has been in the literature.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
C. W. Lee1
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that in a geodesically complete space-time, a closed and bounded part of an edgeless acausal hypersurface cannot change its topology as it evolves with time.
Abstract: Two theorems are given, which show that in a geodesically complete space-time a closed and bounded part of an edgeless acausal spacelike hypersurface cannot change its topology as it evolves with time.

24 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the uniqueness and local maximizing properties of maximal surfaces are discussed, including surfaces of constant mean curvature in spaces of non-vanishing matter content and with arbitrary cosmological constant.
Abstract: In earlier work we have discussed the uniqueness and local maximizing properties of maximal surfaces. We continue this study in the present paper, including surfaces of constant mean curvature in spaces of non-vanishing matter content and with arbitrary cosmological constant. The nature of the extremum is characterized by means of the eigenvalues of an elliptic differential operator defined on the surface. To illustrate the different possibilities, a universe of the Taub type with cosmological constant is constructed, and this example suggests a conjecture that the index of these surfaces is less than 2.

18 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the general monad method is systematically represented, and it is shown how it may be reduced to its two basic special gauges, i.e., coordinate and referential.
Abstract: In this note the general monad method is systematically represented, and it is shown how it may be reduced to its two basic special gauges. The last section deals with two kinds of canonical formalism, “coordinate” and “referential” ones, based on the kinemetric gauge.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a geometrical construction of the presymmetry of Ekstein also gives Newton's second law as a theorem, and an exact, closed-form expression for a noninertial particle in special relativity and a Fermi-Walker transport in the tangent manifold of the observer.
Abstract: The invariant methods of modern differential geometry are used to study both a noninertial single particle and Fermi-Walker transport in special relativity. The presymmetry, especially the acceleration group, is formulated in the tangent manifold of the observer. Our geometrical construction of the presymmetry of Ekstein also gives Newton's second law as a theorem. In addition, we obtain the exact, closed-form expression for a noninertial particle in special relativity and an exact, closed-form expression for Fermi-Walker transport in special relativity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the spin vectors of the system, long before and long after the emission of radiation, are supertranslation invariant and, hence, independent of the choice of Minkowski observation space.
Abstract: An isolated system in general relativity makes a transition between stationary states. It is shown that the spin vectors of the system, long before and long after the emission of radiation, are supertranslation invariant and, hence, independent of the choice of Minkowski observation space.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present paper and a companion work are intended as one possible realization of a non-customary gauge theory of general relativity-as set forth in only broad outline in an earlier work as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The present paper and a companion work are intended as one possible realization of a non-customary gauge theory of general relativity-as set forth in only broad outline in an earlier work In this first paper, it is found that both radar echo delay and the perihelion shift differ slightly from their customary expressions Unfortunately, it is also found that the usual statement of the principle of equivalence does not hold in the present formulation Finally, in the second paper, a single cosmological model is investigated that appears to be promising


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In general relativity, a general static solution describing spherically symmetric distributions of scalar and electrically charged dust is obtained and applied to the construction of a singularity-free extended particle model.
Abstract: In general relativity a general static solution describing spherically symmetric distributions of scalar and electrically charged dust is obtained and applied to the construction of a singularity-free extended particle model.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that space-time singularities may be removed through the quantum effects of fermionic spinor matter, and support this viewpoint on the basis of an effective negative contribution, coming from spinor fields with anticommutative (quantum) nature, to the energy condition of the singularity theorems of general relativity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the SL(2,C) gauge field theory is formulated in curved twistor space with foliation and the metric conditions are proved by means of the fact that ''zweibein'' fields are covariant constants.
Abstract: The SL(2,C) gauge field theory is formulated in curved twistor space with foliation. The theory gives further insights on the spinor formalism of the general relativity initiated by Newman and Penrose and reformulated as SL(2,C) gauge theory in a spinor affine manifold by Carmeli. The metric conditions are proved by means of the fact that ''zweibein'' fields are covariant constants. Some physical quantities which play important roles in relativity are expressed by our method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to the problem of the motion of a self-interacting massive charged particle in general relativity is presented, where a charged Robinson-Trautman (RT) solution is used as a general relativity model for such a particle.
Abstract: A new approach to the problem of the motion of a self-interacting massive charged particle in general relativity is presented. A charged Robinson-Trautman (RT) solution is used as a general relativity model for such a particle. Such a solution is shown to generate a unique world-line in its ownH-space. This is argued to be the asymptotically observed world-line of the particle. Using the RT dynamical relations, the equation of motion is derived, and, in the limiting case of zero curvature, it is shown to be the same as the classical Lorentz-Dirac equation of motion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a local interior-exterior distinction is formulated for matching across a hypersurface, and detailed examples for spherical dust flows are given for spherical flow matching in an $\mathcal{R}$ region.
Abstract: A local interior-exterior distinction is formulated for matching across a hypersurface, and detailed examples are given for spherical dust flows. While the "inside" vs "outside" character is not, in general, globally preserved, the distinction is unambiguous in an $\mathcal{R}$ region, and does afford clarification of certain boundary surfaces and surface densities discussed in the literature.

01 Nov 1978
TL;DR: The basic concepts of the special and general theories of relativity are described in this article, and simple examples are given to illustrate the effect of relativity on measurements of time and frequency in the near-earth environment.
Abstract: The basic concepts of the special and general theories of relativity are described. Simple examples are given to illustrate the effect of relativity on measurements of time and frequency in the near-earth environment.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gertsenshtein and Ingel as discussed by the authors considered the problem of the singular state t = 0, from which the ''big bang'' cosmic expansion commences, and whether this problem can be solved within the framework of contemporary physics or whether a new physics, for example a quan- tum theory of gravitation, must be employed.
Abstract: PROBLEM OF THE PHYSICAL SINGULARITY IN GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY THE M. E. Gertsenshtein, L. Kh. Ingel', UDC523.11 and M. L. Fil'chenkov w The question of the singular state t = 0, from which the \"big bang\" cosmic expansion commences, is a very important problem of contemporary cosmogony [1]. The question arises of whether this problem can be solved within the framework of contemporary physics [2] or whether a new physics, for example, a quan- tum theory of gravitation, must be employed [3]. We will assume that such a new physics is required for den- sities p > pg, where [1, 3, 4] pg



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the formulation of the general theory of relativity as an SL2,C gauge theory is considered, and the spinor approach is compared with other approaches to the problem of formulating Einstein's theory as a gauge theory.
Abstract: The formulation of Einstein’s general theory of relativity as anSL2,C gauge theory is considered. Use is made of the language of fibre bundles and general arguments are put forward in favour of theSL2,C approach to problems connected with the study of the space-time structure. The possibility of deriving the dynamics of the theory from a Yang-Mills-type Lagrangian density is discussed. Finally, the spinor approach is compared with other approaches to the problem of formulating Einstein’s theory as a gauge theory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the group hypothesis is not compatible with the existence of transformations containing more than one singularity, and the relevance of the first parameter group is stressed.
Abstract: It is shown that the group hypothesis is not compatible with the existence of transformations containing more than one singularity. The relevance of the first parameter group is stressed.

Journal ArticleDOI
M. Enosh1, A. Kovetz1
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the restriction to vacuum conditions does not change the set of differential constants of motion, excluding the nonphysical cases of space-time of dimension 2 or 3, and that nothing can be inferred from local measurements about the orientation of a laboratory in free fall relative to Fermi transported axes.
Abstract: Differential constants of motion for systems of freely gravitating particles in general relativity are first defined and then determined. It is shown that they are all consequences of the local simultaneity conservation property of general relativity. It is proved, further, that the restriction to vacuum conditions does not change the set of differential constants of motion, excluding the nonphysical cases of space-time of dimension 2 or 3. Another consequence is that nothing can be inferred from local (in space and time) measurements about the orientation of a laboratory in free fall relative to Fermi transported axes. A similar property exists in Newton's theory.