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Four-force
About: Four-force is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87308 citations.
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15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relation between Relativity before 1905 and special Relativity-Kinematics and its kinetics, including Arbitrary Frames, Surfaces and Curvature, and Intrinsic Geometry.
Abstract: 1 Relativity Before 1905.- 2 Special Relativity-Kinematics.- 3 Special Relativity-Kinetics.- 4 Arbitrary Frames.- 5 Surfaces and Curvature.- 6 Intrinsic Geometry.- 7 General Relativity.- 8 Consequences.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an approximate coordinate transformation to an accelerated frame was proposed, which turns out to be closely related to Rindler coordinates, widely used in modern general relativity, leading him directly to interpret gravitation in terms of spacetime curvature.
Abstract: On his way to general relativity, Einstein used the equivalence principle to formulate a theory of the static gravitational field. In this context he introduced an approximate coordinate transformation to an accelerated frame which turns out to be closely related to Rindler coordinates, widely used in modern general relativity. This work, published in the Annalen, led him directly to interpret gravitation in terms of spacetime curvature.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of two connected strands of thought, associated respectively with Maxwell and Poincare, are disentangled, so as to throw light on several questions connected with the special theory of relativity.
Abstract: In this paper we try to disentangle the development of two connected strands of thought, associated respectively with Maxwell and Poincare, so as to throw light on several questions connected with the special theory of relativity. For example, who first used the word 'relativity' in physics in the sense we understand it today, meaning: in all physical experiments, whether mechanical or electromagnetic, only the relative velocity of a body can be measured, i.e. the notion of velocity of a body as such is a concept without physical importance? Which was the earliest experiment undertaken to determine the absolute motion of the earth through the hypothetical ether or space, if such putative motion had a physical consequence at all, and by whom ? In short, what exactly were the contributions of various physicists before the publication of Einstein's monumental contribution of 26 September 1905 submitted for publication to Annalen der Physik on 30 June 1905? While we were writing this paper, our attention was drawn to the highly illuminating discussion given by Miller [1981]. We have been able to use Miller's discussion to improve the paper; but his objective is not the same as ours.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed Einstein's introductory comments to "Zur Elektrodynamik Bewegter Korper" and concluded that length and time are relative quantities.
Abstract: 1 Electrodynamics: 1890-1905.- 2 Einstein's Philosophic Viewpoint in 1905.- 3 Analysis of Einstein's Introductory Comments to "Zur Elektrodynamik Bewegter Korper".- 4 Simultaneity and Time.- 5 Length and Time Are Relative Quantities.- 6 The Relativistic Transformations.- 7 The Relativity of Length and Time.- 8 The Theorem of Addition of Velocities.- 9 The Relativity of the Electric and Magnetic Fields.- 10 Doppler's Principle and Stellar Aberration.- 11 Light Quanta, Radiation and Relativity.- 12 On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies.- Epilogue.
15 citations