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Four-force
About: Four-force is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87308 citations.
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14 Aug 2003
14 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, complete representation formulae are derived for scalar-valued, vector valued and tensor-valued sunctions subjected to the principle of relativity with an arbitrary number of scalars, vectors and tensors (of the second order symmetric and skewsymmetric) as variables.
Abstract: In a Minkowsky space V , complete representation formulae are derived for scalar-valued, vector valued and tensor-valued sunctions subjected to the principle of relativity with an arbitrary number of scalars, vectors and tensors (of the second order symmetric and skewsymmetric) as variables.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review and systematize several recent attempts to canonically quantize general relativity in 2+1 dimensions, defined on space-times R×Σg, where Σg is a compact Riemann surface of genus g.
Abstract: We review and systematize several recent attempts to canonically quantize general relativity in 2+1 dimensions, defined on space–times R×Σg, where Σg is a compact Riemann surface of genus g. The emphasis is on quantizations of the classical connection formulation, which use Wilson loops as their basic observables, but results from the ADM formulation are also summarized. We evaluate the progress and discuss the possible quantum (in)equivalence of the various approaches.
14 citations
TL;DR: The authors provided an historical account of the main steps (experimental as well as theoretical) which led Poincare to contribute to the theory of relativity, starting from the optical experiments which led to the inconsistency of the classical (Galilean) composition law for velocities to explain light propagation.
Abstract: Often considered as the last ‘encyclopedist’, Henri Poincare died one hundred years ago. If he was a prominent man in 1900 French Society, his heritage is not so clearly recognised, particularly in France. Among his too often misunderstood works is his contribution to the theory of relativity, mainly because it is almost never presented within Poincare's general approach to science, including his philosophical writings. Our aim is therefore to provide an historical account of the main steps (experimental as well as theoretical) which led Poincare to contribute to the theory of relativity. Starting from the optical experiments which led to the inconsistency of the classical (Galilean) composition law for velocities to explain light propagation, we introduce the FitzGerald and Lorentz contraction which was viewed as the ‘sole hypothesis’ to explain the Michelson and Morley experiment. We then show that Poincare's contribution starts with a discussion of the principles governing the mechanics and was built s...
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a commonsense approach to Special Relativity based on direct observation instead of from the usual rationale conceived in terms of light travelling invisibly in vacuo is presented. This approach permits the construction of a model of the time dilation effect.
Abstract: We present a new commonsense approach to Special Relativity based on direct observation instead of from the usual rationale conceived in terms of light travelling invisibly in vacuo. This approach permits the construction of a model of the time dilation effect.
14 citations