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Four-force
About: Four-force is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87308 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a theory of special relativity with cosmological constant SRc, R was proposed, in which the cosmology constant is linked with the invariant length, and its relation with doubly special relativity is briefly mentioned.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that standard even-dimensional General Relativity may emerge as a weak coupling constant limit of a Born-Infeld theory for a certain Lie subalgebra of the algebra B. In even dimensions, the Lagrangian is a Chern-Simons form for the (A)dS group.
81 citations
01 Jan 1991
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the deflection of light by a spherically symmetric body in general relativity, to second order in the quantity GM/dc2, where M is the mass of the body and d is a measure of the distance of closest approach of the ray, is calculated.
Abstract: We calculate the deflection of light by a spherically symmetric body in general relativity, to second order in the quantity GM/dc2, where M is the mass of the body and d is a measure of the distance of closest approach of the ray. Using three different coordinate systems for the Schwarzschild metric we show that the answers for the deflection, while the same at order GM/dc2, differ at order (GM/dc2)2. We demonstrate that all three expressions are really the same by expressing them in terms of measurable, coordinate-independent quantities. These results provide concrete illustrations of the meaning of coordinates and coordinate invariance, which may be useful in teaching general relativity.
80 citations