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Four-force
About: Four-force is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87308 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply relativistic electrodynamics to a rotating linear medium and derive general field equations in a rotating coordinate system, which are then derived in the rotating and laboratory reference frames.
Abstract: We apply relativistic electrodynamics to a rotating linear medium. Covariant field equations are used to derive general field equations in a rotating coordinate system. We argue that the relation between fields in the presence of matter and those in a vacuum is necessarily dependent upon the coordinate system used. Constitutive equations are then derived in the rotating and laboratory reference frames. We find that our constitutive equations in the laboratory frame agree with Minkowski’s constitutive equations, derived on the basis of special relativity in 1908. Thus we conclude that special relativity can be used in the analysis of experiments involving rotational motion. To exemplify the use of special relativity, we derive an experimentally observed result of a 1913 experiment performed by Wilson and Wilson in which a polarizable, permeable cylinder was rotated in a uniform, axially directed magnetic field.
37 citations
TL;DR: A brief but precise and unified account of the results that have been rigorously established at the time of writing concerning the existence and nature of singularities in classical general relativity is given in this paper.
Abstract: A brief, but precise and unified account is given of the results that have been rigorously established at the time of writing concerning the existence and nature of singularities in classical general relativity.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that changes of topology in the spacetime of classical general relativity are consistent with stable causality, future causal geodesic completeness, and finite, positive energy density.
Abstract: It is shown that ‘changes of topology’ (of spacelike sections) in the spacetime of classical general relativity are consistent with the following requirements: (i) stable causality, (ii) future causal geodesic completeness, and (iii) finite, positive energy density This amounts to showing that the framework of classical general relativity encompasses ‘changes of topology’
37 citations
TL;DR: A new approach to the dynamics of the universe based on work by O Murchadha, Foster, Anderson and the author is presented in this paper, where the only kinematics presupposed is the spatial geometry needed to define configuration spaces in purely relational terms.
Abstract: A new approach to the dynamics of the universe based on work by O Murchadha, Foster, Anderson and the author is presented. The only kinematics presupposed is the spatial geometry needed to define configuration spaces in purely relational terms. A new formulation of the relativity principle based on Poincare’s analysis of the problem of absolute and relative motion (Mach’s principle) is given. The entire dynamics is based on shape and nothing else. It leads to much stronger predictions than standard Newtonian theory. For the dynamics of Riemannian 3-geometries on which matter fields also evolve, implementation of the new relativity principle establishes unexpected links between special relativity, general relativity and the gauge principle. They all emerge together as a self-consistent complex from a unified and completely relational approach to dynamics. A connection between time and scale invariance is established. In particular, the representation of general relativity as evolution of the shape of space leads to a unique dynamical definition of simultaneity. This opens up the prospect of a solution of the problem of time in quantum gravity on the basis of a fundamental dynamical principle.
37 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1920
TL;DR: In this article, the FitzGerald contraction is used to test the new law of gravitation and the old law of gravity, and other tests of the theory of gravity are presented.
Abstract: Eclipse instruments at Sobral Foreword Preface What is geometry? 1. The FitzGerald contraction 2. Relativity 3. The world of four dimensions 4. Fields of force 5. Kinds of space 6. The new law of gravitation and the old law 7. Weighing light 8. Other tests of the theory 9. Momentum and energy 10. Towards infinity 11. Electricity and gravitation 12. On the nature of things Mathematical notes Historical note.
37 citations