Topic
Four-force
About: Four-force is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87308 citations.
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a non-perturbative approach to quantum gravity and outline the key results that have been obtained so far and indicate where we are headed and what the hopes are.
Abstract: The purpose of these lectures is to discuss in some detail a new, non-perturbative approach to quantum gravity. I would like to present the basic ideas, outline the key results that have been obtained so far and indicate where we are headed and what the hopes are. The audience at this summer school had a diverse background; many came from high energy physics, some from mathematical physics and the rest from general relativity. Therefore, I have tried to keep the technicalities –particularly proofs and even the number of equations– to a minimum. My hope is that a research student in any of these three fields should be able to get a bird’s eye view of the entire program. In particular, I have kept all three perspectives in mind while discussing the difficulties one encounters and strategies one adopts and in evaluating the successes and limitations of the program.
33 citations
TL;DR: The relation between the linkage and the symplectic approaches to conserved quantities associated with the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs groups in general relativity is examined in this paper.
Abstract: The relation between the linkage and the symplectic approaches to conserved quantities associated with the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs groups in general relativity is examined.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a variational principle was applied to the general relativity case, using a tetrad to express the spin density and the four-velocity of the fluid. And an energy-momentum tensor was defined for a spinning fluid.
Abstract: General relativity field equations are employed to examine a continuous medium with internal spin. A variational principle formerly applied in the special relativity case is extended to the general relativity case, using a tetrad to express the spin density and the four-velocity of the fluid. An energy-momentum tensor is subsequently defined for a spinning fluid. The equations of motion of the fluid are suggested to be useful in analytical studies of galaxies, for anisotropic Bianchi universes, and for turbulent eddies.
33 citations
TL;DR: A review of the experimental evidence for general relativity can be found in this paper, where a variety of high precision null experiments confirm the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies the concept that gravitation is synonymous with spacetime geometry, and must be described by a metric theory.
Abstract: We review the experimental evidence for Einstein’s general relativity. A variety of high precision null experiments confirm the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies the concept that gravitation is synonymous with spacetime geometry, and must be described by a metric theory. Solar system experiments that test the weak-field, post-Newtonian limit of metric theories strongly favor general relativity. Binary pulsars test gravitational-wave damping and aspects of strong-field general relativity. During the coming decades, tests of general relativity in new regimes may be possible. Laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatories on Earth and in space may provide new tests via precise measurements of the properties of gravitational waves. Future efforts using X-ray, infrared, gamma-ray and gravitational-wave astronomy may one day test general relativity in the strong-field regime near black holes and neutron stars.
33 citations
33 citations