Showing papers on "Four-stroke engine published in 1979"

Method of controlling the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine

Abstract: The flow rate of intake air sucked into an internal combustion engine when a throttle valve of the engine is at the idling position is controlled so that the actual rotational speed of the engine becomes equal to a desired value. This desired value of the rotational speed of the engine is adjusted in accordance with the result of a judgement as to whether the actual rotational speed of the engine is increasing or decreasing, and the value of the actual rotational speed of the engine.

Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine

Abstract: The clearance volume of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine at the same crankangle is varied by changing the location of a small piston reciprocally disposed in a small cylinder formed in a cylinder head, which small cylinder communicates with an engine cylinder. Changing the location of the small piston is controllable through a link mechanism in response to the movement of a throttle valve for controlling the amount of intake air supplied to the combustion chamber.

Linear engine/hydraulic pump

Abstract: A linear engine/hydraulic pump system provides an efficient source of controllable fluid power thay may be used for a hydrostatic drive system of a vehicle. The engine/pump has a prompt first stroke full power capability and capability of prompt power increase from a lower power operation. A supplemental engine (bounce engine) produces output work to operate the power engine of the free piston engine pump during a compression stroke of the latter. The engine is of the opposed piston type with a synchronizer and cross drive to maintain controlled interrelated operational movement of the two oppositely moving pistons thereof while combining output work effort and holding approximately constant the approximate center of mass of the engine. A novel starter also is disclosed.

Reciprocating rotary engine

Abstract: Rotary engine having a hollow, stationary block with manifolds for air inlet and exhaust valving and means for supplying fuel. The block supports one or more in-line cylinders which are provided with opposed pistons equipped with rigid and constrained piston rods. The rods carry bearings that run along a cam track surface interior to a disc, the outer surface of which is a right circular cylinder. The surrounding right circular cylinder rotates as a result of the linear movement of the opposed pistons thereby providing mechanical power. The cam surface is a continuous track which determines the out-put motion of the piston movement between top and bottom dead center. Arcuate areas at top and/or bottom dead center permit constant volume combustion and/or exhaust as desired during a particular cycle, whether that cycle be Otto or Diesel and whether it be two or four stroke.

Diagnosis of engine turbocharger performance

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system for analyzing the performance of a reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine. Sensors are connected to the engine, which respond to various operating parameters, and signals representing the parameters are fed to computer processing equipment. Two of the parameters are the intake manifold pressure and the engine speed. A turbocharger of the engine includes a turbine that is driven by the engine exhaust and a compressor that delivers air to the intake manifold. The performance of the turbocharger is tested by stabilizing the engine and the turbocharger at no-load, low-idle speed, quickly accelerating the engine to maximum governed speed, and determining how the turbocharger stabilizes after the engine stabilizes at the maximum speed.

An Analysis of the Volumetric Efficiency Characteristics of 4-Stroke Cycle Engines Using the Mean Inlet Mach Number Mim

Abstract: In order to obtain the limiting volumetric efficiency curve, the relationship between volumetric efficiency and engine speed were investigated on three engines by varying through wide limits the effective angle areas of the inlet valves. It was found that the Mean Inlet Mach number MIM introduced by the authors showed the characteristics of volumetric efficiency better than the inlet Mach index Ms widely used and when MIM approached 0.5, the flow around the inlet valve became critical causing inlet choking which made the volumetric efficiency decrease hyperbolically with an increase in engine speed. These phenomena were also observed in the test results of a Wankel type rotary engine.

Internal combustion engine system

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 10 wherein only some compression is carried out in the engine 10 and including a tank 30 of compressed air, a pressure regulator 34, a fuel injector 28, and means 40 and 50 for connecting the foot pedal 38 to the pressure regulator 34 and the fuel injector 28, for controlling air and fuel feed to the combustion chambers 22 in response to throttle demand during high power demand conditions. The engine 10 compresses its own air for cruise conditions but uses stored compressed air (charged from a wayside source) for higher power demand. The engine can use spark or heat ignition, provides full expansion, can be two or four stroke and of the diesel or gasoline type. Compressed air can be generated more efficiently using central station power with a vast savings in the amount of oil consumed. Oxygen enriched (60-80% O 2 ) compressed air can be used without high temperature problems because of the only partial compression and the high (cooling) expansion ratio and higher rpm.

Internal combustion engine with combined transmission case and crankshaft case, and intermediate shaft

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with reduced lateral dimensions. It includes a single case which contains both a crankshaft and a transmission. One is at an elevation above the other, and they are linked by an intermediate shaft. Accordingly, both the length and width of the engine can be minimized, which is important in vehicles such as motorcycles.

Internal combustion engine with cooling system

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder and with a cooling system coordinated thereto that operates with a fluid medium and includes an oil-spray cooling system; at partial engine loads, the cooling output is reduced by disconnection of a part of the oil-spray cooling system so that the heat content in the combustion space increases while the specific fuel consumption is reduced and the warm-up period of the engine after the start is reduced.

Diesel engine shutdown control system

Abstract: A diesel engine fuel supply and control system for an engine having a fuel supply pump which has its direction of rotation in accord with the direction of engine rotation is provided with engine shutdown, anti-bump start and reverse rotation arresting means including, in a preferred embodiment, a pressure responsive piston that acts against a run-stop control lever to cut off fuel supply to the engine cylinders and a selector valve that selectively exposes the piston to pressures on either side of the engine fuel pump. When the valve is set to provide the normal pump inlet pressure to the piston, the engine may operate in the forward rotation direction but is stopped if reverse rotation occurs. If changed to expose the piston to normal pump outlet pressure, the engine is stopped or prevented from operating in the forward rotation direction. A check valve is preferably provided to prevent loss of pressure acting on the piston to the pump outlet so that maximum pressure is maintained to assure a full normal stop and provide subsequent protection against bump starting of the engine in a vehicle.

Electromechanical precision governor for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An electronically controlled, hydraulically actuated precision governor controls the operating RPM of an internal combustion engine by repositioning the engine throttle in response to changes in engine RPM The piston of a hydraulic actuator is coupled to the throttle The flow of hydraulic fluid to the actuator is controlled by a specially designed hydraulic valve which includes a piston the displacement of which is regulated by controlling the pressure in a pressurized control chamber The fluid pressure in the pressurized control chamber is regulated by a pair of electronically controlled fuel injector nozzles The electronic circuitry which controls the two electronic fuel injector nozzles receives electronic inputs corresponding to the operating RPM of the engine, the desired engine operating RPM and engine throttle position

Variable stroke engine or compressor

Abstract: A unique drive for an engine or compressor piston, including an angularly inclined piston wrist pin, an inclined throw along a crankshaft, a piston connecting rod therebetween being additionally slidable along the axes of the wrist pin and throw at each rotation of the crankshaft, and a guide and shift device for sliding the connecting rod for long or short strokes, the device being slideable transversely through an engine cylinder.

Snap acceleration test for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: Measurement of the operation of the accelerator pump of an internal combustion (IC) engine is provided while the engine is running under load by snapping the engine throttle from a steady state throttle position to a full throttle position and back within a time interval less than the response time of the engine power valve (enrichment valve), and comparing the relative magnitudes of the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) constituents of the engine exhaust gas measured before and after the snap acceleration to provide an indication of the performance of the accelerator pump.

Two-cycle diesel engine with piston ring stabilizing accumulator volume

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle diesel engine having ported cylinders is provided with a piston having an accumulator volume between the two top piston rings, the volume being sized large enough in relation to the piston ring leakage area and operating conditions to limit the build-up of gas pressure between the rings to a value below that of the cylinder pressure during nearly all conditions of normal engine operation. The arrangement substantially stabilizes the position of the top piston ring against the bottom of its piston ring groove, thereby avoiding shock loading of the top ring through cyclic unseating due to differential pressure reversals.

Hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine having an overhead camshaft

Abstract: An automatic hydraulic tappet for taking up clearance between a cam and a valve stem in an internal combustion engine with an overhead camshaft can rapidly attain its optimum operational efficiency when the engine is started, since the supply conduit, which supplies engine lubricating oil to an annular groove communicating with a chamber between two tappet members, is provided with a sump which is lower than the groove and, therefore, acts as an oil reservoir when the engine is stopped.

Start control means for internal combustion engine

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a starter carburetor in addition to a main carburetor. The starter carburetor includes a starting mixture passage provided with a starter valve which is normally open and adapted to be closed under an influence of the engine intake pressure when the engine temperature has reached a certain value. The engine includes a temperature responsive valve to mantain the influence of the engine intake pressure to hold the starter valve in the closed position after engine stop as far as the engine temperature is above a second certain value.

Internal combustion engine with brake

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spring-loaded engine valve (13) actuatable by means of a cam (2), a tappet (4) and a push rod (10), the cam (2) having a pre-lift ramp (5) for effecting exhaust braking of the engine. A single piston (6) is slidable in the tappet (4) between a bottom stop (8) and a top stop (7) therein and biased by a spring (9) against the top stop (7) and/or the push rod (10). The tappet (4) has an inlet (14) for hydraulic, control fluid to bias the piston (6) towards the top stop (7). There is also a valve (17) preventing escape of hydraulic fluid from the tappet (4) during exhaust braking. During normal operation of the engine when the pre-lift ramp (5) lifts the tappet (4) the valve (17) is held open and hydraulic control fluid flows from the tappet (4) so that the piston (6) contacts the bottom stop (8) and the engine valve (13) remains closed, whereas during exhaust braking of the engine when the pre-lift ramp (5) lifts the tappet (4) the valve (17) is closed and hydraulic control fluid cannot flow from the tappet (4) so that the pistons (6) remains against the stop (7) and the engine valve (13) opened to effect exhaust braking.

Heat pump containing a piston compressor and driven by a piston engine

Abstract: A heat pump contains a piston compressor which is driven by a piston engine. The refrigerant on the low pressure side of the heat pump drives the engine during the compression stroke of the engine. An accumulator chamber for the low pressure refrigerant is provided adjacent the compressor. The volume of the accumulator chamber is so large that the compressor piston, and consequently also the engine piston, is given a speed high enough for producing the required compression in the engine cylinder.

Cycle-controlled sliding-valve in a heating-chamber combustion engine

Abstract: A cycle controlled sliding valve in a heating chamber combustion engine is provided. The valve includes a piston disposed for reciprocal movement within a cylinder, a piston-extension disposed for movement within the cylinder, a connecting rod connected to the piston, a pinion carried by the connecting rod, and a rack engaged by the pinion. The rack engages the piston-extension such that the latter is capable of movement in the axial direction of the cylinder away from or towards the piston. Such movement is caused by the swinging of the connecting rod due to crankshaft rotation. A path is provided within the cylinder walls which leads to the heating chamber. When an opening in the piston-extension is aligned therewith, communication is established between the cylinder and the heating chamber. In operation, the path leading to the heating chamber will open later during the up-stroke and will close later during the down-stroke.

Two cycle baffled piston engine with post-baffle scavenging

Abstract: A two cycle internal combustion engine with improved cylinder scavenging. The described engine embodiment is a baffled piston two cycle internal combustion engine whose power is substantially increased by directing fuel mixture in the normally spent gas filled region behind the piston baffle during each intake-exhaust portion of the engine cycles to scavenge spent gas from this region and increase the total volume of fuel mixture in the cylinder at the time of ignition. According to the preferred practice of the invention a portion of the fuel mixture displaced from the engine crankcase to the cylinder intake port or ports is diverted to auxiliary ports in the cylinder wall which direct the mixture against the rear side of the piston baffle to effect through scavenging of the region directly behind the baffle.

Reciprocating engine with cylindrical combustion chamber

Abstract: A reciprocating internal combustion engine has a cylindrical combustion chamber lying substantially entirely within the cylinder head and including a fuel injection nozzle and possibly a glow plug. The top of the cylindrical combustion chamber is defined by the disc of the intake poppet valve and the bottom of the combustion chamber is defined at top dead center by a projection of the piston which is formed in a piston cap that consists of thermally resistant material and within which there is an air-filled void that prevents the heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the main body of the piston. This construction permits high surface temperatures within the combustion chamber without attendant heavy thermal stresses in the body of the piston.

Combustion engine cooled by compressed air - which is subsequently used to drive expansion engine

Abstract: The cylinder (1) of the combustion engine is cooled by compressed (13) air at a pressure of at least 1.5 bar, but preferably at 3 to 15 bar. The heated air is subsequently used to drive an expansion engine (14) such as a turbine, or a reciprocating or rotary piston engine. The main engine may be a reciprocating piston engine, the expansion engine (14) being coupled to the crankshaft (9), e.g. via a transmission (11). The cooling air may flow through the cooling ducts (16) around each cylinder liner (5) and then through each cylinder head (1b).

Four stroke combustion engine - has mixt. inlet into crank case connected via synchronously actuated valve to engine inlet valve

Abstract: The four-stroke combustion engine comprises a carburettor (1) connected by a suction duct (3) to the crank chamber (2) and at least one overflow duct (4) from the crank case (2) to the inlet valve (5). At the entry from the chamber (2) into the duct (4) a valve (8) is provided which is actuated as a function of the piston stroke. The valve(s) may be spring-loaded, or may consist of resilient flaps. They may be actuated via a reciprocating linkage, which itself could be driven from a cam groove provided in a circular crank disc.

Detector for top dead center position of a piston for automobile engine

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a detector for detecting the top dead center position of a piston by resiliently installing a check valve within a cylinder body and having a threaded part disposed at the lower part of the cylinder body to fit a threaded hole which is for inserting an ignition plug of an engine cylinder. For detecting the top dead center position of the piston, the foregoing threaded part is attached to the threaded hole of the automobile engine and compressed air which is produced within the cylinder by an ascent of the piston is exhausted outside the cylinder body through the check valve and, when the piston attempts to descend, airtightness is maintained within the cylinder by means of the check valve and the piston is held at the top dead center position.

Dual air feed to four-stroke petrol engine - has pump and rotary slide valve distributing fuel air mixture equally to multicylinder engine

Abstract: The four-stroke petrol engine for automotive applications has a suction duct via which ambient air is sucked into the cylinders. A pump furnishes a second air current, and with this works a suction carburettor dependent upon the engine's state of operation. A rotary slide valve (30) distributes the fuel and air mixture equally to the individual cylinders. The pump (12) is of the piston type whose speed is n/2 times that of the engine crankshaft, whereb n = the number of cylinders (2-5) of the engine. The rotary slide (30) runs at half the speed of the crankshaft. The fuel feed carburettor (20) can be of the suction type in front of the pump, or of the pressure type behind the pump (12).

Variable biased hydraulic engine speed control

Abstract: An apparatus for holding the speed of an engine to a fixed level with provision for increasing engine speed above that setting without losing the set point. A combination of piston and cylinder assemblies are joined together to control engine speed. An equipment attendant pressurizes one end of a closed hydraulic system to activate a hydraulic operator to change engine speed. Shutting an isolation valve, hydraulically locks that speed setting into the engine. With the isolation valve shut, a biased, bypass piston and cylinder assembly is activated to increase engine speed. The bypass piston and cylinder assembly is actuated by the same device used by the equipment attendant to pressurize the hydraulic system control initially.

Sealing system for piston rod of hot gas engine

Abstract: An improvement to a sealing system for restricting fluid flow around a piston rod between a piston cylinder and crankshaft space in a hot gas engine where a seal element is secured around the piston rod in an intermediate chamber, the improvement including a link in the crankshaft space connecting, and permitting relative radial motion between, the piston rod and the crosshead and an O-ring having a diameter substantially greater than that of the piston rod and being secured between a lower ring securing the seal element in place around the piston rod and a wall of the intermediate chamber for frictionally restricting radial movement of the lower ring.

Combi-stroke and combi-shaft combustion engine

Abstract: 1. An internal combustion engine nameable combi-stroke engine in which the crank-shafts have such a position with regard to each other that the smallest volume of the combustion chamber is attained when the pistons connected to one crank-shaft have passed the highest dead point in order to get a higher output or power. 2. An internal combustion engine nameable combi-shaft engine. In such an engine the linear motion of a piston is transformed in rotation by means of a crank-shaft combination. In this combination one or more crank-shafts can be considered as crank or cranks for a secondary crank-shaft in order to get a higher output and torque. 3. An internal combustion engine can be composed by using the abstract 1 and abstract 2 in one engine. 4. Transformation of rectilinear motion into rotation by means of combi-shaft can also be used in other construction than internal combustion engines.