Showing papers on "Four-stroke engine published in 1985"

Internal combustion hydraulic engine

Abstract: An internal combustion hydraulic engine is powered by compression and ignition of pressurized fuel to pressurize hydraulic fluid. The timing and operation of the engine is controlled by a hydraulically driven distributor valve. A pair of starting valves are employed to hydraulically actuate the distributor valve for starting the operation of the engine. An intensifier pump powered by the engine and coordinated with the operation of the engine is employed to pressurize the fuel which is combusted for powering the engine.

Regenerated internal combustion engine

Abstract: A thermally regenerated four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprises a cold side cylinder having intake and exhaust valves independently located through cold side cylinder wall, and a cold side piston connected through a connecting rod to a crankshaft; a hot side cylinder having fuel injector and ignitor and hot side piston connected to said cold side piston through the crankshaft; and a regenerator duct for housing a regenerator and for connecting cold and hot side cylinders.

Split engine for motor vehicles with divided crankshaft and engine cross shaft for auxiliary unit drives

Abstract: A further reduction of the pollutant emissions is achieved in motor vehicles of all types if the spark ignition or diesel internal combustion engine driving them is divided into a primary internal combustion engine and a secondary internal combustion engine which have their own part crankshafts. The primary internal combustion engine is used conventionally for the drive and it also drives the vehicle auxiliary units by way of a new type of engine cross shaft, whilst the secondary internal combustion engine is automatically started and additionally switched on only for higher performance, but is automatically cut off and stopped again in overrun conditions. The secondary internal combustion engine is switched on and off by a new type of clutch between the part crankshafts, which is controlled by the accelerator pedal without the assistance of the driver and which also produces automatic synchronisation of the crank positions of the two part crankshafts. An additional switch on the dashboard permits additional switching on of the secondary internal combustion engine to be excluded, for example for travelling in motorway queues. The split engine reduces pollutant emissions many times, saves additional fuel and permits cost-effective special engine designs.

Heat Loss to Combustion Chamber Wall of 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine : 1st Report, Heat Loss to Piston and Cylinder

Abstract: In an attempt to find out the thermal load conditions of the combustion chamber wall, by the use of precise thin film thermocouples which the authors have developed recently, surface temperature variation and instantaneous heat flux of the piston and the cylinder of a 4-stroke gasoline engine, for each stroke, are obtained. As a result, thermal load conditions of parts of the piston and the cylinder are made clear, and along with this, the ratio of heat loss is determined. Thermal load aspects under abnormal combustion conditions i.e. knocking are also crarified.

Method and system for controlling an engine

Abstract: An engine of a construction vehicle is controlled by a system which includes an engine control operation transmitting mechanism having a loose spring means and connecting a fuel control lever and a governor control lever; a decelerator cylinder accommodating a piston therein and having a spring for biasing always the piston on the opposite side of a pressure chamber defined thereby and on the side of the spring a piston rod connected through a york having an elongated hole formed therein to said transmitting mechanism; a solenoid valve adapted to supply the fluid under pressure delivered by a hydraulic pump driven by the engine for exclusive use in control of the system into the pressure chamber of the decelerator cylinder, and cut off the fluid supply; and an electric circuit for controlling the solenoid valve. The above-mentioned decelerator cylinder is so arranged, when the piston is not subjected to the fluid pressure force, as to transmit directly the operation of the fuel control lever to the governor control lever, while when the piston is subjected to the fluid pressure force, to set the governor control lever at a decelerating position even when the fuel control lever is held at a full speed running position, thereby reducing the number of revolutions of the engine to those in the idling speed condition.

Internal combustion engine with by-pass control system for supercharger

Abstract: A by-pass control system for an internal combustion engine provided with a mechanical supercharger arranged in an intake pipe of the engine. The supercharger is connected to a crankshaft by means of a clutch operated in accordance with the engine load as well as the engine speed. A by-pass is arranged so as to by-pass the supercharger, on which by-pass a by-pass control valve is arranged. The by-pass control valve is operated in accordance with the engine speed, so that it is opened during an engine low load and high speed condition. The supercharger is located downstream of the throttle valve, while the by-pass is, on its downstream end, connected to the intake pipe downstream of the throttle valve and upstream of the supercharger.

Modular crank subassembly and built-up crankshaft therefor

Abstract: A reciprocating piston machine, such as an internal combustion engine, includes a modular power transmission subassembly including a built-up crankshaft, integral unsplit crankshaft journal supports and bolt-less connecting rods to provide a lightweight low cost engine construction. A built-up crankshaft with improved oil lubrication means is also disclosed.

Crankless reciprocating internal combustion engine

Abstract: Present reciprocating engines have limitations on their thermal efficiency and horsepower to weight performance imposed by the crankshaft. Elimination of the crankshaft, use of a full time turbocharger and ceramic lining of cylinder walls, cylinder and piston heads and exhaust conduits permit the construction of an engine which has a thermal efficiency and horsepower to weight performance exceeding that of present engines. Use of ceramic linings is not essential to the operation of the engine. Thermal efficiency without ceramic linings is still better than that of crankshaft engines. Power produced by said crankless engine is oscillatory however this is readily rectified into rotary power.

Exhaust gas recirculation control device for diesel engine

Abstract: The engine load signal, the engine speed signal, and the engine warm-up signal are directed to an electric control unit. The electric control unit issues an output signal depending on the engine condition; in the stage of engine warm-up, the output signal is issued from the first EGR MAP which does not permit EGR under idling of the engine and after full warm-up, it is issued from the second EGR MAP which permits EGR even under idling. Upon receiving the output signal, the electric vacuum regulating valve acts to adjust the opening degree of the EGR valve, thereby preventing the erosion and wear of the cylinder bore and the piston ring and reducing the generation of NOx.

Device for controlling the combustion chambers exhaust and/or intake for internal combustion engines

Abstract: Device for controlling the circulation of gases from and towards an internal combustion engine, wherein a sealing ring is provided with means for injecting a lubricating and cooling liquid such as oil in the gap between a continuous sealing surface around a passage within a sealing ring and the external surface of a rotary throttle, this device being applied to the high pressure and high temperature sealing of rotary throttle for four stroke engines.

Apparatus for controlling an engine in a hydraulically driven vehicle

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the engine of a hydraulically driven vehicle includes a transmission mechanism having a loose spring and connecting a fuel control lever operationally to a governor control lever, a decelerator cylinder including a spring having a slightly larger spring force than the loose spring and disposed on the opposite side of a piston from a hydraulic fluid chamber and a piston rod connected to the transmission mechanism by a yoke having a slot, an electromagnetic valve for supplying a hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump driven by the engine to the hydraulic fluid chamber in the decelerator cylinder or interrupting its supply, and an electric circuit for opening or closing the electromagnetic valve. As long as no hydraulic pressure acts on the piston, the spring in the decelerator cylinder maintains the governor control lever in its deceleration position even if the fuel control lever is turned to its full engine speed position, while the operation of the fuel control lever is transmitted directly to the governor control lever if a hydraulic pressure acts on the piston.

Balancer control device for multiple-cylinder four-cycle engine

Abstract: A multiple-displacement engine which can be operated either in a full-displacement operation in which all the cylinders are operative or a two-cylinder operation in which only two of the cylinders are operative is provided with a balancer control device. The balancer control device comprises a balancer which is driven at the same rpm as the engine output shaft during the two-cylinder operation and reduces the primary vibration generating moment imparted to the engine structure due to explosion, an engine load sensor for detecting engine load, an engine rpm sensor for detecting the engine speed and a balancer changing mechanism which changes the vibration generating moment of the balancer according to the operating condition of the engine so that the vibration generating moment of the balancer approximates the primary component of the vibration generating moment of the engine structure due to explosion thereby suppressing the primary vibration generating moment of the engine structure over the entire operating range during two-cylinder operation.

Precision distributorless ignition control system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An electronic ignition system is disclosed for controlling as a function of a selected engine parameter the ignition instants of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, a piston, a spark plug for effecting combustion in the cylinder and a rotatable crankshaft coupled to the piston to be rotatably driven as combustions within said cylinder occur at said ignition instants. The crankshaft has a reference position defining a positional relationship of the crankshaft to the cylinder. The ignition system includes an optical encoder directly coupled to the crankshaft for generating ignition signals upon the termination of a variable crankshaft arc beginning at a point fixed with respect to the reference position. The length of the crankshaft arc is set as a function of one or more selected engine parameters.

Valve structure for four-cycle engine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To open and close a valve with no impact and make usable a ceramic for the valve, by forming inlet and outlet ports in a cylinder head cover and an ignition plug while engaging the cylinder head cover freely rotatably with a valve disc having a valve port formed therein. CONSTITUTION:A crankshaft 1 is freely rotatably supported on a bearing 2, and is connected via a connecting rod 4 with a piston 3. A piston 3, a cylinder 5 and a cylinder head cover 6 are formed with a ceramic respectively. The cylinder head cover 6 is provided with a recess 7 forming a portion of combustion chamber, and inlet and outlet ports 8 and 9 are formed around the recess 7 in conjunction with an attachment hole 10 for an ignition plug. While the recess 7 is engaged by a valve body 11 with a valve port 12 bored therethrough, the rotating shaft 13 of valve body 11 extends through the cylinder head cover 6 for connection with reduction driving mechanisms 15-21. In this case, a reduction ratio between the crankshaft 1 and the rotating shaft 13 is set as 2:1, so that the valve port 12 may successively engage above mentioned respective openings 8- 10 in conjunction with the turn of valve body 11.

Variable device of valve lift in four-cycle engine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To control the lifted distance of a valve in an engine and improve its combustion efficiency and intake efficiency, by changing a position, in which a lever swivelled by a cam is adapted to a push rod, so as to regulate lever ratio of the lever. CONSTITUTION:A lever 6 is swivelled to a fixed degree about a supproting axis 5 serving as the center by rotating a cam 1. An engine, when it is driven in a low speed range, provides the lifted distance of a valve 9 to be decreased by placing the bottom end of a push rod 7 in a position adjacent to a side of the supporting axis 5 of the lever 6 so as to decrease its lever ratio and the swivelling angle of a rocker arm 8. As a result, a swirl flow improves combustion efficiency of the engine by increasing a flow speed of intake air. The engine, when it is driven in a high speed range, provides the lifted distance of the valve 9 to be increased by placing the bottom end of the push rod 7 more distance from the side of the supporting axis 5 of the lever 6 so as to increase its lever ratio, and intake efficiency of the engine is improved. A position of the push rod 7 is controlled by a plunger 13 driven by lubricating oil the pressure of which is changed in accordance with a speed of the engine.

Electronic speed measurement of a reciprocating internal-combustion engine

Abstract: The actual speed of rotation of a reciprocating internal-combustion engine is determined from a number of instantaneous speed measurements which are each carried out electronically over equal fractions of one crankshaft revolution. As shown, the passage of each tooth on a gearwheel 11 past a sensor 13 produce a pulse which is used to gate a counter 16 receiving pubs from a generator 20. The resulting counts are fed in and stepped through an array 23 of memory locations dimensioned (e.g. twice the number of gear wheel teeth for a four stroke engine) so that after each instantaneous speed measurement the arithmetic mean can be formed from the results of all the instantaneous speed measurements of the last crankshaft revolution corresponding to one working cycle of the reciprocating internal-combustion engine. This results in a very accurate value for the actual speed of rotation. Moreover, deviations from a prevailing speed level are detected immediately.

Ultra high compression engine

Abstract: A reciprocating piston machine, such as an internal combustion engine, is provided with a piston translator arrangement operated by a pair of oppositely rotatable crankshaft means disposed on opposed sides of the cylinder longitudinal axis such that the piston moves in a true straightline motion. This arrangement enhances ultimately possible compressions and improves operating efficiency since debilitating cylinder sidewall pressure by the piston is eliminated and forces are carried by two shaft systems, instead of one. An arrangement for removal of the piston from the cylinder, uniquely adapted for straightline motion piston running, is also disclosed.

Arrangement of a cross head guide for the pistons arranged in a working cylinder of a two-stroke opposed piston internal combustion engine

Abstract: In the case of a two-stroke opposed piston internal combustion engine the two pistons arranged in a cylinder are held by their cross heads on a common cross head guide, which is arranged as an extension of the cylinder towards the crank shaft and is designed as cylinder liner with an outer guideway for the cross head of the upper piston and an inner guideway for the cross head of the lower piston.

Internal combustion engine provided with mechanical supercharger

Abstract: A by-pass control system for an internal combustion engine provided with a mechanical supercharger arranged in an intake pipe of the engine. The supercharger is connected to a crankshaft by means of a clutch operated in accordance with the engine load as well as the engine speed. A system is provided for maintaining the clutch disengaged irrespective of the engine load and engine speed when the engine is cranking. The load applied to a starter is decreased during the cranking operating due to the positive disconnection of the supercharger from the crankshaft, so that the engine can be easily started.

Controller for variable geometry type turbocharger

Abstract: A controller for a variable geometry type turbocharger controls a sectional area of an throttle throat of a turbine through which exhaust gases from an engine is supplied to the turbine on the basis of a engine speed and an amount of air introduced into the engine and includes a bypass path which bypasses the turbine to reduce the exhaust gases supplied to the turbine by controlling the opening and closing of the bypass path on the basis of the engine speed and the amount of air introduced into the engine, thereby preventing the degradation of the supercharged air supplied to the engine and improving torque of the engine in all the operating area of the engine.

Piston cooling for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: The invention relates to piston cooling for internal combustion engines, oil being sprayed by means of a device against those parts of the piston to be cooled and the device comprising a control valve (3), which controls the passage through the control valve as a function of the oil temperature in the lubricating oil circuit. As a result the piston is optimally cooled and increased exhaust emission, caused by inadequate cooling of the piston, does not occur (Fig. 2).

Four-stroke internal combustion engine

Abstract: In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, in particular a high-speed engine for a passenger vehicle, in which engine the stroke movement of the valves which serve to control the gas exchange is positively controlled with a camshaft which is driven by a crankshaft in accordance with the crank angle and preferably via a toothed belt or chain drive, according to the invention a coupling is arranged between the drive of the transmission, connecting the crankshaft to the camshaft, and the camshaft, the half of which coupling which is fixed on the camshaft engaging positively in rockers which are swivellably mounted on the power take-off and pretensioned in such a way that, when the idling speed is exceeded, the rockers which are deflected by the centrifugal force move the half of the coupling which is seated on the camshaft with the effect of displacing the ignition time of the valves towards a smaller crank angle.

Timing adjusted engine and conversion kit therefor

Abstract: A two cycle internal combustion piston engine is provided with cam controlled inlet valves, as well as exhaust valves, disposed in the head of the engine cylinder. The two cycle engine can perform with an expansion ratio greater than the compression ratio. A standard two cycle internal combustion piston engine can be converted to the inventive two cycle engine construction by replacing the conventional engine cylinder head, replacing the conventional engine valve cam shaft, and directing air flow in the intake manifold to one side of the replacement cylinder head.

High Speed Diesel Performance/Combustion Characteristics Correlated with Structural Composition of Tar Sands Derived Experimental Fuels

Abstract: Two Canadian tar sands derived experimental diesel fuels with cetane numbers of 26 and 36 and a reference fuel with a cetane number of 47 were tested in a Deutz (FIL511D), single cylinder, 4 stroke, naturally aspirated research engine. The fuels were tested at intake and cooling air temperatures of 30 and 0/sup 0/C. The 36 cetane number fuel was tested with advanced, rated and retarded injection timings. Poor engine speed stability at light loads and excessive rates of combustion pressure rise were experienced with the lowest cetane number fuel. Detailed performance/combustion behavior is presented and a correlation with fuel structural compostiton is made. The analytical techniques used to characterize the fuels included liquid chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (PNMR).

Reciprocating piston-internal combustion engine with variable compression ratio

Abstract: For changing the compression ratio of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine the piston 3 consists of an outer piston part 7 and an inner piston part 10 which are connected with each other by a thread 13,14. By turning the outer piston part 7 by means of a bushing 18 which is axially fixed, but rotatable around piston axis 15 and which is in engagement with the outer piston part 7 by means of a longitudinal gear 19,20, the outer piston part 7 can be turned steplessly during operation with respect to the inner piston part 10, whereby the outer piston part 7 is displaced along the piston axis 15, thus changing the volume of the operating chamber and thereby the compression ratio.

An internal combustion engine and a method of operating the engine

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, and a method of operating an internal combustion engine, of the kind in which recycled exhaust gases are reacted with a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion space (1C) to produce a reformed fuel of enhanced calorific value by cracking molecules of the hydrocarbon fuel, the invention providing for means (14, 17) for the supply of air to the combustion space (1 C) in the cylinder (1 B) and separate means (15, 16) for the supply of the cracked and reformed fuel enabling an efficient engine operation to be achieved with economical use of fuel.

Piston guide for hollow piston of a radial piston engine

Abstract: In a radial piston engine, in order to reduce the friction forces appearing at the pistons, a guide part is provided which engages a hollow piston through a guide section and which includes a bearing section at its outer end, by means of which the guide part is pivotably mounted in the cylinder cover.