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Four-wave mixing

About: Four-wave mixing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7530 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112702 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that complex-conjugate wave fronts can be generated and that distorted optical wave frontsCan be effectively corrected by degenerate four-wave mixing experiments in KNbO(3):Fe(2+).
Abstract: The electric-field dependence of the wave-front reflectivity ρ in degenerate four-wave mixing experiments with reduced KNbO3 and Bi12GeO20 has been measured and compared with the theoretical expressions [N. Kukhtarev et al., Ferroelectrics 22, 949, 961 (1979)] describing the influence of the different photoinduced space-charge fields in photorefractive media. Peak reflectivities of ρ = 1.4% for Bi12GeO20 and ρ = 10% for KNbO3:Fe2+ have been reached for field strengths of 12 and 8 kV/cm, respectively. It is shown that complex-conjugate wave fronts can be generated and that distorted optical wave fronts can be effectively corrected by degenerate four-wave mixing experiments in KNbO3:Fe2+.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed two algorithms, using frequency difference triangles and frequency difference squares, that can determine the total number of FWM signals falling onto the operating band and each channel, respectively, of unequal-spaced WDM systems.
Abstract: Recently, unequal-spaced channel-allocation techniques have been studied and analyzed to reduce four-wave-mixing (FWM) crosstalk in high-capacity, long-haul wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. It will be helpful to system designers if there exists a fast tool to measure the strength of FWM crosstalk in such WDM systems. In this paper, we develop two algorithms, using frequency difference triangles and frequency difference squares, that can determine the total numbers of FWM signals falling onto the operating band and each channel, respectively, of unequal-spaced WDM systems. By knowing these two numbers, one can adjust the system parameters, such as minimum channel spacing, in order to keep a good balance on the adverse effects of FWM crosstalk and interchannel interference, or avoid the assignment of channels at locations with the most severe crosstalk.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present experimental results on the measurement of the population-relaxation times of the excited states of some metalloporphyrins such as zinc meso-tetra-phenylporphyrin (ZnmTPP), zinc mesoencetra (p-methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzporphrin (ZnmpTBP), tetratollyl porphrin(TTP).
Abstract: We present experimental results on the measurement of the population-relaxation times of the excited states of some metalloporphyrins such as zinc meso-tetra-phenylporphyrin (ZnmTPP), zinc meso-tetra (p-methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzporphyrin (ZnmpTBP), tetratollylporphyrin (TTP), cobalt tetratollylporphyrin (CoTTP) and nickel tetratollylporphyrin (NiTTP) with time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing with the incoherent emission of a nanosecond pumped-dye laser. The experiments are carried out in the counterpropagating geometry (k4=k1+k2-k3), where k1 and k2 are counterpropagating to one another and k3 is at angle θ (<90° with respect to k1). Excited-state and ground-state relaxation times are calculated based on the theoretical formalism developed by Hiromi Okamoto [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 10, 2353, 1993]. The signals are recorded by delaying the probe beam (k3) for different fixed delays of the backward pump beam (k2). We observe strong signal at a second peak owing to the coherence of beams k2 and k3 for samples exhibiting excited-state absorption and a narrow peak corresponding to the coherence of beams k1 and k3 for samples that do not exhibit excited-state or reverse-saturable absorption. The nonlinear absorption is studied with the Z-scan technique. From the experimental data, we estimate the relaxation times of excited states.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the birefringence effects in an InGaAsP bulk semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) were investigated and it was shown that the parallel input polarization of pump and signal wave was changed with respect to the device structure.
Abstract: We present experimental results on birefringence effects in an InGaAsP bulk semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Although the gain of the device is polarization insensitive, we observed a strong variation of the four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency if the parallel input polarization of pump and signal wave was changed with respect to the device structure. This variation, which is attributed to birefringence in the SOA, can be as high as 10 dB for frequency detunings of about 6 THz. Thus, it might strongly affect the various applications of FWM for optical signal processing and parameter extraction. In addition, we performed polarization resolved measurements of the amplified spontaneous emission demonstrating different group velocity indices for TE and TM polarized light.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shigeki Watanabe1, T. Chikama1
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-degenerate forward four-wave mixing in a singlemode fiber was achieved by suppressing the stimulated Brillouin scattering of pump light at a pump power of +17 dBm with an associated internal parametric gain of 3.3 dB.
Abstract: Highly efficient nondegenerate forward four-wave mixing in a singlemode fibre was achieved by suppressing the stimulated Brillouin scattering of pump light. A conversion efficiency of -4.6 dB, including a fibre loss of 5.3 dB, was obtained at a pump power of +17 dBm with an associated internal parametric gain of 3.3 dB.

37 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202371
2022174
2021158
2020209
2019217
2018246