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Four-wave mixing
About: Four-wave mixing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7530 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112702 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate theoretically and experimentally the dynamic characteristics of the wavelength conversion that is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a light-holding semiconductor optical amplifier (LHSOA).
Abstract: We investigate theoretically and experimentally the dynamic characteristics of the wavelength conversion that is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a light-holding semiconductor optical amplifier (LHSOA). Two FWM conversion techniques, including the single-pump (SP) and two orthogonal-polarized pumps (OPP) schemes, are investigated using a sophisticated time-domain simulation model. The simulation indicates that the holding light gives an improved eye opening and signal-to-noise ratio for both the SP and OPP schemes. The chirp response for both schemes are also presented. The performance improvement are verified from dynamic measurements such as eye diagram and bit-error-rate (BER) tests. Clearer eye openings and reduced power penalties are obtained with the injection of a holding light. By comparing to the experimental results, we also prove that our numerical modeling can predict the device performance and can be used for optimizing the wavelength conversion process.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the observation of phase conjugation at 10.6 μm in a GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum well-doped structure.
Abstract: We describe the observation of phase conjugation at 10.6 μm in a GaAs/AlGaAs multi‐quantum‐well‐doped structure. The responsible nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) is due to a nearly resonant intersubband transition. The magnitude of χ(3) is 7×10−5 esu and the phase conjugate reflectivity is a few tenths of a percent.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the effect of amplification of spontaneous emission (ASE) on interband four-wave mixing in optical amplifiers, and showed that the use of relatively low pump powers (<; 1 mW) reduces the electrical power consumption for such wavelength converters by more than a factor of 10.
Abstract: We study, theoretically and experimentally, interband four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers whose gain recovery is accelerated by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Across a broad range of wavelength shifts, we observe a considerable increase (over 20 dB) in the conversion efficiency, and a corresponding increase in the optical SNR (over 12 dB), as the device current is increased from 100 to 500 mA. For input pump powers below 1 mW, gain recovery in our device is dominated by internal ASE. Higher pump power levels reduce the conversion efficiency because of the pump-induced gain saturation near the output end. We show that wavelength shifts of up to 25 nm are possible, while maintaining a >;10% conversion efficiency and a high optical SNR (>;25 dB). A major advantage of our scheme is that the use of relatively low pump powers (<; 1 mW) reduces the electrical power consumption for such wavelength converters by more than a factor of 10. We discuss in detail the issue of optimum pump and signal powers. Our study is useful for realizing energy-efficient, modulation-format transparent, wavelength converters for optical networks.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the generation of highly coherent Type-II micro-combs based on a micro-resonator nested in a fiber cavity loop, known as the filter-driven four wave mixing (FD-FWM) laser scheme.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate the generation of highly coherent Type-II micro-combs based on a microresonator nested in a fiber cavity loop, known as the filter-driven four wave mixing (FD-FWM) laser scheme. In this system, the frequency spacing of the comb can be adjusted to integer multiples of the free-spectral range (FSR) of the nested micro-resonator by properly tuning the fiber cavity length. Sub-comb lines with single FSR spacing around the primary comb lines can be generated. Such a spectral emission is known as a “Type-II comb.” Our system achieves a fully coherent output. This behavior is verified by numerical simulations. This study represents an important step forward in controlling and manipulating the dynamics of an FD-FWM laser.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that the standard deviation of nonlinear phase-noise-induced differential phase is about three times that from IFWM even in highly dispersive transmission systems.
Abstract: Self-phase-modulation-induced nonlinear phase noise is reduced with the increase of fiber dispersion but intrachannel four-wave mixing (IFWM) is increased with dispersion. Both degrading differential phase-shift keying signals, the standard deviation of nonlinear phase-noise-induced differential phase is about three times that from IFWM even in highly dispersive transmission systems.
30 citations