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Four-wave mixing

About: Four-wave mixing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7530 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112702 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, a degenerate four-wave mixing experiment on a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide covered with graphene which was gated using a polymer electrolyte was performed.
Abstract: Third order optical nonlinearities in graphene have been demonstrated to be large and have been predicted to be highly dependent on the Fermi energy of the graphene. This prediction suggests that graphene can be used to make systems with large and electrically tunable optical nonlinearities. In this work, we present what is to our knowledge the first experimental observation of this Fermi energy dependence of the optical nonlinearity. We have performed a degenerate four-wave mixing experiment on a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide covered with graphene which was gated using a polymer electrolyte. We observe strong dependencies of the four-wave mixing conversion efficiency on the signal-pump detuning and Fermi energy, that is, the optical nonlinearity is indeed demonstrated to be electrically tunable. In the vicinity of the interband absorption edge (2|EF| ≈ ℏω), a peak value of the waveguide nonlinear parameter of ≈6400 m–1W−1, corresponding to a graphene nonlinear sheet conductivity |σs(3)| ≈ 4.3 × 10–19 A...

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient method has been developed for the calculation of third-order time- and frequency-resolved optical signals that allows for any pulse durations and automatically accounts for pulse-overlap effects.
Abstract: An efficient method has been developed for the calculation of third-order time- and frequency-resolved optical signals. To obtain the general four-wave mixing signal, seven auxiliary density matrices have to be propagated in time. For the special cases of two-pulse photon-echo and transient-grating signals, two or three density matrices, respectively, are required. The method is limited to weak laser fields (it is thus valid within the third-order perturbation theory) but allows for any pulse durations and automatically accounts for pulse-overlap effects. To illustrate the method, we present the explicit derivation of the three-pulse photon-echo signal. Any other third-order optical signal can be calculated in the same manner. As an example, two- and three-pulse photon-echo and transient-grating signals for a weakly damped displaced harmonic oscillator have been calculated.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a 1550-nm InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifier with four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) was used for short-pulse wavelength conversion over 10 THz and error-free data conversion of a 2.5Gb/s data sequence over 7.5 THz.
Abstract: Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a 1550-nm InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifier. Continuous-wave FWM with a symmetric conversion efficiency dependence on detuning direction and FWM mediated short-pulse wavelength conversion are demonstrated. Using XGM, we have successfully implemented short-pulse wavelength conversion over 10 THz and error-free data conversion of a 2.5-Gb/s data sequence over 7.5 THz. The pulsed XGM experiments suggest that adjacent regions within an inhomogeneously broadened gain spectrum are partially coupled which increases the operational bandwidth, but at the expense of speed.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the modulation transfer function of the coherent four-wave process mixing can be controlled by the amplitude of externally applied field E0.
Abstract: Dependence of phase-conjugate wave-front reflectivity on the spatial frequency of the dynamic hologram recorded in Bi12SiO20 crystals is analyzed. Depending on the respective values of applied field E0 and fringe spacing Λ, drift or diffusion of the photocarriers dominates the space-charge buildup and affects the phase-conjugate wave-front intensity differently. It is demonstrated that the modulation transfer function of the coherent four-wave process mixing can be controlled by the amplitude of externally applied field E0. Experimental results are interpreted on the basis of the dynamic theory of Kukhtarev et al.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The theoretical and experimental analysis reveals the importance of the excitation-induced dephasing processes for the understanding of numerous published results on polarization selections rules in FWM signals.
Abstract: The dependence of optical four-wave-mixing (FWM) signals in semiconductors on carrier density and laser-field polarization is investigated. The theoretical and experimental analysis reveals the importance of the excitation-induced dephasing processes for the understanding of numerous published results on polarization selections rules in FWM signals. Even apparently contradictory earlier findings can be explained with this theoretical model.

85 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202371
2022174
2021158
2020209
2019217
2018246