Topic
Four-wave mixing
About: Four-wave mixing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7530 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112702 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a new detection scheme for pump-probe and four-wave mixing heterodyne experiments, using balanced detection and a dual-phase lock-in for spectral filtering, was demonstrated on an InGaAsP/InP bulk optical amplifier.
79 citations
TL;DR: Various nonlinear optical phenomena in photorefractive media and selected applications in optical computing, including optical phase conjugation, two- and four-wave mixing, and real-time holography are described.
Abstract: This paper describes various nonlinear optical phenomena in photorefractive media and selected applications in optical computing. These phenomena include optical phase conjugation, two- and four-wave mixing, and real-time holography. The applications include image amplification and subtraction, logic and matrix operations, and optical interconnection.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a low loss As2S3 planar waveguide with ultra-high optical Kerr nonlinearity and only 50mm length was used for demultiplexing of a 160-Gb/s signal into its tributary 10-b/s channels via four-wave mixing with copropagating pump pulses.
Abstract: A low loss As2S3 planar waveguide with ultra-high optical Kerr nonlinearity ~2000 W-1 ldr km-1 and only 50-mm length demonstrates high-performance time-division demultiplexing of a 160-Gb/s signal into its tributary 10-Gb/s channels via four-wave mixing (FWM) with copropagating pump pulses. Although the waveguide has a high normal dispersion parameter, its combined high nonlinearity in such short length is shown to enable efficient FWM of high-speed optical signals for all-optical demultiplexing.
78 citations
TL;DR: Stability enhancement on the basis of four-wave mixing (FWM) is proposed and proved for the first time to the authors' knowledge and significant uniformity and stability of the novel fiber lasers are demonstrated experimentally.
Abstract: Stability enhancement on the basis of four-wave mixing (FWM) is proposed and proved for the first time to our knowledge. This technique is applied to dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers. Significant uniformity and stability of the novel fiber lasers are demonstrated experimentally.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical analysis of the non-classical behavior of the Kerr optical frequency combs is presented, where the authors use quantum Langevin equations to provide a theoretical understanding of nonclassical behaviour of these combs when pumped below and above threshold.
Abstract: The dynamical behavior of Kerr optical frequency combs is very well understood today from the perspective of the semiclassical approximation. These combs are obtained by pumping an ultrahigh-$Q$ whispering-gallery mode resonator with a continuous-wave laser. The long-lifetime photons are trapped within the toruslike eigenmodes of the resonator, where they interact nonlinearly via the Kerr effect. In this article, we use quantum Langevin equations to provide a theoretical understanding of the nonclassical behavior of these combs when pumped below and above threshold. In the configuration where the system is under threshold, the pump field is the unique oscillating mode inside the resonator, and it triggers the phenomenon of spontaneous four-wave mixing, where two photons from the pump are symmetrically up- and down-converted in the Fourier domain. This phenomenon, also referred to as parametric fluorescence, can only be understood and analyzed from a fully quantum perspective as a consequence of the coupling between the field of the central (pumped) mode and the vacuum fluctuations of the various side modes. We analytically calculate the power spectra of the spontaneous emission noise, and we show that these spectra can be either single- or double-peaked depending on the value of the laser frequency, chromatic dispersion, pump power, and spectral distance between the central mode and the side mode of interest. We also calculate as well the overall spontaneous noise power per side mode and propose simplified analytical expressions for some particular cases. In the configuration where the system is pumped above threshold, we investigate the phenomena of quantum correlations and multimode squeezed states of light that can occur in the Kerr frequency combs originating from stimulated four-wave mixing. We show that for all stationary spatiotemporal patterns, the side modes that are symmetrical relative to the pumped mode in the frequency domain display quantum correlations that can lead to squeezed states of light under some optimal conditions that are analytically determined. These quantum correlations can persist regardless the dynamical state of the system (rolls or solitons), regardless of the spectral extension of the comb (number side modes) and regardless of the dispersion regime (normal or anomalous). We also explicitly determine the phase quadratures leading to photon entanglement and analytically calculate their quantum-noise spectra. For both the below- and above-threshold cases, we study with particular emphasis the two principal architectures for Kerr comb generation, namely the add-through and add-drop configurations. It is found that regardless of the configuration, an essential parameter is the ratio between out-coupling and total losses, which plays a key role as it directly determines the efficiency of the detected fluorescence or squeezing spectra. We finally discuss the relevance of Kerr combs for quantum information systems at optical telecommunication wavelengths below and above threshold.
78 citations