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Free electron model
About: Free electron model is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4678 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103535 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the free electron densities of up to 1021 cm−3 and mobilities in the range 10−70 cm2 V−1s−1 can be obtained by means of an appropriate doping and/or oxygen deficit.
214 citations
TL;DR: The diffraction of free electrons from a standing light wave is reported—a realization of the Kapitza–Dirac effect as originally proposed.
Abstract: In their famous 1927 experiment, Davisson and Germer observed the diffraction of electrons by a periodic material structure, so showing that electrons can behave like waves. Shortly afterwards, Kapitza and Dirac predicted that electrons should also be diffracted by a standing light wave. This Kapitza-Dirac effect is analogous to the diffraction of light by a grating, but with the roles of the wave and matter reversed. The electron and the light grating interact extremely weakly, via the 'ponderomotive potential', so attempts to measure the Kapitza-Dirac effect had to wait for the development of the laser. The idea that the underlying interaction with light is resonantly enhanced for electrons in an atom led to the observation that atoms could be diffracted by a standing wave of light. Deflection of electrons by high-intensity laser light, which is also a consequence of the Kapitza-Dirac effect, has also been demonstrated. But the coherent interference that characterizes wave diffraction has not hitherto been observed. Here we report the diffraction of free electrons from a standing light wave-a realization of the Kapitza-Dirac effect as originally proposed.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of collisions on magnetic properties of a large system of free electrons has been discussed, and it is shown that the non-periodic term in the susceptibility is hardly affected, but that the periodic terms are reduced in magnitude by a factor exp (- hp /βH ), where p is the harmonic considered, ┬ is the mean collision time, and β = eh /2π mc.
Abstract: A discussion of the effect of collisions on the magnetic properties of a large system of free electrons shows that the non-periodic term in the susceptibility is hardly affected, but that the periodic terms are reduced in magnitude by a factor exp (- hp /┬βH ), where p is the harmonic considered, ┬ is the mean collision time, and β = eh /2π mc .
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the pinning of the surface Fermi energy at E{sub FS is also responsible for surface electron accumulation in as-grown InN and In-rich InGaN alloys.
Abstract: Energetic particle irradiation is used to systematically introduce point defects into In{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}N alloys over the entire composition range. Three types of energetic particles (electrons, protons, and {sup 4}He{sup +}) are used to produce a displacement damage dose spanning five decades. In InN and In-rich InGaN the free electron concentration increases with increasing irradiation dose but saturates at a sufficiently high dose. The saturation is due to Fermi level pinning at the Fermi Stabilization Energy (E{sub FS}), which is located at 4.9 eV below the vacuum level. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage (ECV) measurements show that the pinning of the surface Fermi energy at E{sub FS} is also responsible for the surface electron accumulation in as-grown InN and In-rich InGaN alloys. The results are in agreement with the amphoteric defect model that predicts that the same type of native defects are responsible for the Fermi level pinning in both cases.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a generalized dielectric constant for an arbitrary many-body problem may be defined by analogy with the macroscopic laws of electrostatics.
Abstract: Under suitable conditions it is shown that a generalized dielectric constantɛ(k, Θ) for an arbitrary many-body problem may be defined by analogy with the macroscopic laws of electrostatics. The ground state energy may then be simply expressed in terms ofɛ(k, Θ) without resort to perturbation theoretic expansions. Within the random phase approximation (RPA),ɛ(k, Θ)=1+4πα(k, Θ), where α(k, Θ) is the complex polarizability obtained by a generalized Kramers-Heisenberg formula in the plane wave representation. For the free electron gas, this value ofɛ(k, Θ) leads directly to the expression for the ground state energy obtained byGell-Mann andBrueckner and byHubbard in the high density limit. It is shown that the treatment of electron interaction within the RPA is equivalent to taking into account only the field of surface charges at the external boundary of the system; it thus corresponds to neglecting all potential and local field corrections,ɛ(k, Θ) may be inferred from the inelastic scattering of fast electrons or from the Compton scattering of X-rays; the circumstances are discussed under which such experiments yield information about the ground state energy of the electron gas.
201 citations