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Free electron model

About: Free electron model is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4678 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103535 citations.


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TL;DR: Ziaja et al. as discussed by the authors presented a detailed and unified theoretical treatment of secondary electron cascades that follow the absorption of x-ray photons, and a Monte Carlo model was constructed that treated in detail the evolution of secondary electrons induced by photoelectrons and by Auger electrons following inner shell ionizations.
Abstract: In this article we present a detailed and unified theoretical treatment of secondary electron cascades that follow the absorption of x-ray photons. A Monte Carlo model has been constructed that treats in detail the evolution of electron cascades induced by photoelectrons and by Auger electrons following inner shell ionizations. Detailed calculations are presented for cascades initiated by electron energies between 0.1 and 10keV. The present article expands our earlier work [B. Ziaja, D. van der Spoel, A. Szoke, and J. Hajdu, Phys. Rev. B 64, 214104 (2001), Phys. Rev. B 66, 024116 (2002)] by extending the primary energy range, by improving the treatment of secondary electrons, especially at low electron energies, by including ionization by holes, and by taking into account their coupling to the crystal lattice. The calculations describe the three-dimensional evolution of the electron cloud, and monitor the equivalent instantaneous temperature of the free electron gas as the system cools. The dissipation of...

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental study of the optical properties of metals and the relation of the results to the Drude free electron theory were discussed, and the results of the experiments were compared to the theoretical analysis of the free electrons.
Abstract: (1957). The experimental study of the optical properties of metals and the relation of the results to the Drude free electron theory. Advances in Physics: Vol. 6, No. 21, pp. 102-144.

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Relativistic harmonic generation by the scattering of very-high-intensity laser light from fast free electrons is investigated theoretically and it is found, among other results, that at laser intensities higher than, say ${10}^{18}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, the low-order harmonics are suppressed while the higher-order harmonicics are enhanced.
Abstract: Relativistic harmonic generation by the scattering of very-high-intensity laser light from fast free electrons is investigated theoretically. A general solution for the trajectory of an electron, moving initially with an arbitrary velocity in a light pulse of arbitrary intensity and polarization, is presented. This solution generalizes the classical analysis of Eberly [Progress in Optics, edited by E. Wolf (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1969), Vol. 7] and that of Sarachik and Schappert [Phys. Rev. D 1, 2738 (1970)] for the trajectory of an electron initially at rest. The result is then applied to the case of effective harmonic generation in a monochromatic, circularly polarized field under three different initial conditions for the electron, namely, (a) electron initially at rest, (b) electron initially moving in the direction of light propagation (and opposite to it), and (c) electron initially crossing the radiation beam at right angles. Angular distributions of the harmonics generated by the scattering process are presented in terms of the power scattering cross section in each case. Effects of increasing the light intensity and/or the initial electron speed and/or direction on the angular distributions are discussed. It is found, among other results, that at laser intensities higher than, say ${10}^{18}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, the low-order harmonics are suppressed while the higher-order harmonics are enhanced. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Kubo formula is evaluated exactly for the free-electron model for homogeneous conductors, thin films, and multilayers and it is shown that this approximation works surprisingly well; the error in the calculated conductivity being significant only for very thin layers.
Abstract: We examine the quantum and semiclassical approaches to the calculation of the electrical conductivity using a model of free electrons with a finite lifetime. We evaluate the Kubo formula exactly for the free-electron model for homogeneous conductors, thin films, and multilayers. We use these results to explicitly demonstrate the relationships among the exact quantum approach, semiclassical approaches, and an approximate quantum approach. One popular semiclassical approach uses a specularity parameter to describe the fraction of electrons that scatter coherently at boundaries. We show that this parameter should depend on the angle at which the electrons are incident on the boundary. Another semiclassical theory employs the concept of a local mean free path. We show that this approximation works surprisingly well; the error in the calculated conductivity being significant only for very thin layers. A third approach uses an approximate solution to the Kubo formula. We show that this approximation works well for thick layers and extremely thin layers but not for intermediate layer thicknesses. We discuss the implication of these results to the study of the giant magnetoresistance.

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Luttinger valence band parameters of the electron and hole were derived from optically detected cyclotron resonance at 70 GHz and at 1.8 K in n-type CdTe.

99 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202340
202290
2021132
2020122
2019114
2018112