Friction sensitivity

About: Friction sensitivity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 195 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1589 citations.

Sensitivity and Performance of Energetic Materials

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the main developments over the past nine years in the study of the sensitivity of energetic materials (EM) to impact, shock, friction, electric spark, laser beams, and heat. Attention is also paid to performance and to its calculation methods. Summaries are provided of the relationships between sensitivity and performance, the best representations for the calculation methods of performance being the volume heat of explosion or the product of crystal density and the square of detonation velocity. On the basis of current knowledge, it is possible to state that a single universal relationship between molecular structure and initiation reactivity does not yet exist. It is confirmed that increasing the explosive strength is usually accompanied by an increase in the sensitivity. In the case of nitramines this rule is totally valid for friction sensitivity, but for impact sensitivity there are exceptions to the rule, and with 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazepane, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane, β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane, and the α-, β- and e-polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane the relationship works in the opposite direction. With respect to the QSPR approach there might be reasonably good predictions but it provides little insight into the physics and chemistry involved in the process of initiation.

The properties of ammonium dinitramide (ADN): Part 1, basic properties and spectroscopic data

Abstract: Basic properties and spectroscopic data for the energetic oxidizer ADN (Ammonium dinitramide (NH4N(NO2)2)) are presented. The ADN used for this work was synthesized by a new efficient and environmentally friendly method. The method is based on a direct nitration of salts of sulfamic acid by ordinary mixed acid, followed by neutralization and separation of the ADN by the use of an adsorption column. The heat of formation was measured by burning in hydrogen atmosphere in an adiabatic bomb calorimeter and was found to be 148 kJ/mole ±10 kJ/mole. The melting point was determined using DSC technique and is 93.5°C. This paper reports drop weight, friction and bullet impact sensitivity data. The friction sensitivity of ADN is much lower than that of RDX. The impact sensitivity of ADN is of the same magnitude as that of RDX but varies a great deal with the morphology of the particles, e. g. prilled ADN is nearly twice as insensitive as RDX. The bulk density measured by powder X-ray diffraction and was fo...

Ageing Behaviour of HTPB Based Rocket Propellant Formulations

Abstract: The ageing of HTPB propellant formulations containing nanoAl is investigated. During natural ageing the material undergoes a series of slow physico-chemical degradation reactions. By using accelerated ageing conditions it is possible to simulate the material behaviour at different time-temperature conditions especially focused on the in-service conditions. The mechanical and ageing behaviour of aluminised solid rocket propellants were investigated in terms of uniaxial tensile strength, DMA measurements, impact and friction sensitivity tests, SEM analyses.