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Friction stir processing
About: Friction stir processing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2977 publications have been published within this topic receiving 62158 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors described surface reinforcing of A356 aluminum alloy with 2.5, 5, and 7.5vol% nanolayered Ti3AlC2 MAX phase particles.
Abstract: This study described surface reinforcing of A356 aluminum alloy with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 vol% nanolayered Ti3AlC2 MAX phase particles. The friction stir processing (FSP) was used to fabricate these surface composites. The surface composites were characterized by different routes such as optical and electron microscopy, microhardness, tensile, and wear tests. The OM and SEM micrographs showed that the application of FSP resulted in microstructural refinement and modification because of reducing porosity, diminishing coarse dendrites of primary aluminum, fragmenting of coarse silicon needle-shaped particles, uniform distributing of fine silicon particle in the substrate. This microstructural evolution led to increasing in microhardness and tensile values. The microhardness and tensile strength values of the as-received alloy and A356-7.5 vol% Ti3AlC2 surface composite were about 68 HV and 112 MPa, and 87 HV and 184 MPa, respectively. Surface nanocomposites showed significantly lower friction coefficient values and lower wear rates than the substrate. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that the abrasive wear with different extent and characteristics was the dominant wear mechanism.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of reinforcement particles on microstructure and wear behavior of the resultant surface composite layers was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear tester at room temperature.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical simulation of the FSP process in 304L was developed to predict temperatures and recrystallized grain size in the stir zone, where flow stresses for a large range of strain rates and temperatures inherent in FSP were used as input.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, hard metallic particles were incorporated into aluminum by friction stir processing (FSP) to process an Al-Ti particulate composite, which led to uniform distribution of the particles in the stir zone without any particle-matrix reaction.
Abstract: The present investigation shows that alternate to the ceramic particles, hard metallic particles can be used as reinforcement in an aluminum matrix to achieve a good strength–ductility combination in a composite. Titanium particles were incorporated into aluminum by friction stir processing (FSP) to process an Al-Ti particulate composite. FSP led to uniform distribution of the particles in the stir zone without any particle–matrix reaction, thereby retaining the particles in their elemental state. Fracture and twinning of the Ti particles with different frequency of occurrence on the advancing and retreating sides of the stir zone was observed. Twinning of the particles was studied by focused ion beam-assisted transmission electron microscopy. The processed Al-Ti composite exhibited a significant improvement in strength and also retained appreciable amount of ductility. The thermal stability of the fine-grained structure against abnormal grain growth (AGG) was improved by the Ti particles. The AGG in the Al-Ti composite occurred at 713 K (440 °C) compared to 673 K (400 °C) in the unreinforced aluminum processed under the same conditions. On the other hand, the particle–matrix reaction occurred only at 823 K (550 °C), and hence the Ti particles were thermally more stable compared to the matrix grain structure.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, surface modification of martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 was achieved using friction stir processing (FSP) with a W-Re pinless tool, and the microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of the FSPed 420 fabricated at various traverse speeds (150 to 250 mm/min) of the tool were investigated and compared with annealed and conventionally hardened 420.
Abstract: Surface modification of martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 was achieved using friction stir processing (FSP) with a W–Re pinless tool. The microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of the FSPed 420 fabricated at various traverse speeds (150 to 250 mm/min) of the tool were investigated and compared with annealed and conventionally hardened 420. The depth and width of the FSPed zone decrease as the traverse speed increases due to decrease in heat input. The volume fraction of retained austenite at the center and advancing side of the FSPed zone increases with the traverse speed attributed to the high cooling rate. The hardness (up to 697 HV1) and corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 25 °C of the FSPed specimens are higher than that of the conventionally hardened one.
25 citations