Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

About: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4113 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87752 citations. The topic is also known as: FLRW metric.

Flat FRW models with variableG and Λ

Abstract: We consider Einstein's equations with variable gravitational couplingG and cosmological term Λ. For a power-law time-dependence ofG, the cosmological term varies in proportion to the inverse square of the time, provided the equation of state is not that of vacuum. There is then no dimensional constant associated with Λ. For a vacuum equation of state the model is compatible with classical inflation for a wide class of functionsG(t) and Λ(t). For non-power-law behaviour ofG(t), it is possible to have a scale factor that increases exponentially without a vacuum equation of state. For this case the energy density associated with Λ decreases exponentially, while at time zero it is equal with opposite sign to the regular energy density, so there is zero total energy initially.

Can codimension-two branes solve the cosmological constant problem?

Abstract: It has been suggested that codimension-two braneworlds might naturally explain the vanishing of the 4D effective cosmological constant, due to the automatic relation between the deficit angle and the brane tension. To investigate whether this cancellation happens dynamically, and within the context of a realistic cosmology, we study a codimension-two braneworld with spherical extra dimensions compactified by magnetic flux. Assuming Einstein gravity, we show that when the brane contains matter with an arbitrary equation of state, the 4D metric components are not regular at the brane, unless the brane has nonzero thickness. We construct explicit 6D solutions with thick branes, treating the brane matter as a perturbation, and find that the universe expands consistently with standard Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology. The relation between the brane tension and the bulk deficit angle becomes $\ensuremath{\Delta}=2\ensuremath{\pi}{G}_{6}(\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}3p)$ for a general equation of state. However, this relation does not imply a self-tuning of the effective 4D cosmological constant to zero; perturbations of the brane tension in a static solution lead to deSitter or anti-deSitter braneworlds. Our results thus confirm other recent work showing that codimension-two braneworlds in nonsupersymmetric Einstein gravity do not lead to a dynamical relaxation of the cosmological constant, but they leave open the possibility that supersymmetric versions can be compatible with self-tuning.

Testing the Void against Cosmological data: fitting CMB, BAO, SN and H0

Abstract: In this paper, instead of invoking Dark Energy, we try and fit various cosmological observations with a large Gpc scale under-dense region (Void) which is modeled by a Lema?tre-Tolman-Bondi metric that at large distances becomes a homogeneous FLRW metric. We improve on previous analyses by allowing for nonzero overall curvature, accurately computing the distance to the last-scattering surface and the observed scale of the Baryon Acoustic peaks, and investigating important effects that could arise from having nontrivial Void density profiles. We mainly focus on the WMAP 7-yr data (TT and TE), Supernova data (SDSS SN), Hubble constant measurements (HST) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data (SDSS and LRG). We find that the inclusion of a nonzero overall curvature drastically improves the goodness of fit of the Void model, bringing it very close to that of a homogeneous universe containing Dark Energy, while by varying the profile one can increase the value of the local Hubble parameter which has been a challenge for these models. We also try to gauge how well our model can fit the large-scale-structure data, but a comprehensive analysis will require the knowledge of perturbations on LTB metrics. The model is consistent with the CMB dipole if the observer is about 15 Mpc off the centre of the Void. Remarkably, such an off-center position may be able to account for the recent anomalous measurements of a large bulk flow from kSZ data. Finally we provide several analytical approximations in different regimes for the LTB metric, and a numerical module for cosmomc, thus allowing for a MCMC exploration of the full parameter space.

Classification of cosmological milestones

Abstract: In this paper causal geodesic completeness of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological models is analyzed in terms of generalized power expansions of the scale factor in coordinate time. The strength of the found singularities is discussed following the usual definitions due to Tipler and Krolak. It is shown that while classical cosmological models are both timelike and lightlike geodesically incomplete, certain observationally allowed models which have been proposed recently are lightlike geodesically complete.

Hyperbolic space cosmologies

Abstract: We present a systematic study of accelerating cosmologies obtained from M/string theory compactifications of hyperbolic spaces with time-varying volume. A set of vacuum solutions where the internal space is a product of hyperbolic manifolds is found to give qualitatively the same accelerating four-dimensional FLRW universe behavior as a single hyperbolic space. We also examine the possibility that our universe is a hyperbolic space and provide exact Milne type solutions, as well as intersecting S-brane solutions. When both the usual 4D spacetime and the m-dimensional internal space are hyperbolic, we find eternally accelerating cosmologies for m ≥ 7, with and without form field backgrounds. In particular, the effective potential for a magnetic field background in the large 3 dimensions is positive definite with a local minimum and thus enhances the eternally accelerating expansion.