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Fullerene
About: Fullerene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12723 publications have been published within this topic receiving 359173 citations.
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TL;DR: A review of the methods most frequently used for the synthesis of fullerenes and the changes that these methods have experienced since 1985 when Kroto and co-workers discovered C60 can be found in this paper.
87 citations
TL;DR: Two types of carbon soot, prepared by the laser ablation of graphite and carbon arc discharge, were examined by means of electron microscopy as mentioned in this paper, and it was shown that morphologies and structure of the soot depend on carrier gas temperature during laser sputtering.
Abstract: Two types of carbon soot, prepared by the laser ablation of graphite and carbon arc-discharge, were examined by means of electron microscopy. These carbonaceous materials are byproducts in fullerene production and thus are expected to be related structurally to fullerene molecules. It will be shown that morphologies and structure of the soot depend on carrier gas temperature during laser sputtering. Graphitic carbon is formed abundantly at room temperature, and network structures of fullerene-like cages appear dominantly at 1200 °C. Additional thermal energy during condensation of sputtered carbon is crucial in formation of various types of structures of solid carbon including fullerene molecules.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a novel form of metallofullerenes, namely, those with radioactive atoms encapsulated in the C[sub 82]cage.
Abstract: We demonstrate a novel form of metallofullerenes, namely, those with radioactive atoms encapsulated in the C[sub 82]cage. The metal atoms were made radioactive by a neutron capture reaction or through a nuclear decay process. The most important and intriguing finding of the present study is that the endohedral form of metallofullerenes is not affected by the recoil energy of the metal atom resulting from emission of electrons in the [beta] decay. Such a stability of the cage against the recoil energy of the encapsulated atom was confirmed by the elution behavior of the metallofullerene in liquid chromatography. Successful encapsulation of radioactive atoms inside the fullerene cage will greatly widen the potential use of endohedral metallofullerenes not only in basic science and technology but also in other areas, such as medicine. 14 refs., 3 figs.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a broad-band optical limiter based on nanographene has been studied, finding optical-limiting properties superior to those of current standards, carbon fullerenes (C60) solutions and carbon black suspensions.
Abstract: Low-cost broad-band optical limiters based on nanographene have been studied, finding optical-limiting properties superior to those of current standards, carbon fullerenes (C60) solutions and carbon black suspensions. Further examination indicates that the presence of π conjugation improves the optical-limiting responses. Superior limiting performance is retained regardless of solvent viscosity and polarity, a unique feature of graphene not observed in C60 and carbon black. Graphene suspensions in organic solvents can work under 10 Hz laser pulses without losing excellent limiting performance. More significantly, outstanding limiting properties are also preserved in a gel matrix. These nanographene-based optical limiters can thus work in solutions and solid matrixes for devices used for protecting human eyes and optical sensors from high-power lasers.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative processing route is investigated in which the two active layer components are deposited sequentially via spin coating or doctor blading, and the influence of the second-layer solvent for the fullerene derivative is investigated.
Abstract: Polymer solar cells are conventionally processed by coating a multicomponent mixture containing polymer, fullerene, solvent, and cosolvent. The photovoltaic performance strongly depends on the nanoscale morphology of the blend, which is largely determined by the precise nature of the solvent composition and drying conditions. Here, an alternative processing route is investigated in which the two active layer components are deposited sequentially via spin coating or doctor blading. Spin coating the fullerene from o-dichlorobenzene on top of the polymer provides virtually identical morphologies and photovoltaic performance. Using blade coating, the influence of the second-layer solvent for the fullerene derivative is investigated in further detail. Different aromatic solvents are compared regarding swelling of the polymer layer, fullerene solubility, and evaporation rate. It is found that while swelling of the polymer by the second-layer solvent is a necessity for sequential processing, the solubility of the fullerene derivative in this solvent has the strongest influence on solar cell performance. Homogeneous layers in which a sufficient amount of fullerene can infiltrate the polymer film can only be achieved when solvents are used that have a very high solubility for the fullerene and swell the polymer layer.
86 citations