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Fullerene

About: Fullerene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12723 publications have been published within this topic receiving 359173 citations.


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TL;DR: The results shed new light on the fundamental processes that govern self-assembly of carbon networks, and the processes that are revealed are likely be involved in the formation of other carbon nanostructures from carbon vapour, such as nanotubes and graphene.
Abstract: The formation mechanisms of fullerenes remain unclear. This study shows that fullerenes self-assemble through a closed network growth mechanism in which atomic carbon and C2 are incorporated into the growing closed cages.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new organic electron accepting small molecule 2-[{7-(9,9-di-n-propyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl}methylene]malononitrile (K12) was presented for organic solar cell applications.
Abstract: Organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices predominantly use the fullerene derivatives [C60]PCBM and [C70]PCBM as the electron accepting component. This report presents a new organic electron accepting small molecule 2-[{7-(9,9-di-n-propyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl}methylene]malononitrile (K12) for organic solar cell applications. It can be processed by evaporation under vacuum or by solution processing to give amorphous thin films and can be annealed at a modest temperature to give films with much greater order and enhanced charge transport properties. The molecule can efficiently quench the photoluminescence of the donor polymer poly(3-n-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and time resolved microwave conductivity measurements show that mobile charges are generated indicating that a truly charge separated state is formed. The power conversion efficiencies of the photovoltaic devices are found to depend strongly on the acceptor packing. Optimized K12:P3HT bulk heterojunction devices have efficiencies of 0.73±0.01% under AM1.5G simulated sunlight. The efficiencies of the devices are limited by the level of crystallinity and nanoscale morphology that was achievable in the blend with P3HT.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The encapsulation of hydrogen fluoride inside C60 is reported using molecular surgery to give the endohedral fullerene HF@C60, which exhibits quantization of its translational and rotational degrees of freedom, as revealed by inelastic neutron scattering and infrared spectroscopy.
Abstract: The cavity inside fullerenes provides a unique environment for the study of isolated atoms and molecules. We report encapsulation of hydrogen fluoride inside C60 using molecular surgery to give the endohedral fullerene HF@C60. The key synthetic step is the closure of the open fullerene cage while minimizing escape of HF. The encapsulated HF molecule moves freely inside the cage and exhibits quantization of its translational and rotational degrees of freedom, as revealed by inelastic neutron scattering and infrared spectroscopy. The rotational and vibrational constants of the encapsulated HF molecules were found to be redshifted relative to free HF. The NMR spectra display a large 1H-19F J coupling typical of an isolated species. The dipole moment of HF@C60 was estimated from the temperature-dependence of the dielectric constant at cryogenic temperatures and showed that the cage shields around 75% of the HF dipole.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Jul 2014-ACS Nano
TL;DR: Advanced applications of iron-oxide-supported nanocarbon composites where iron oxides play a diverse role are reviewed, including hybrids of carbon nanotubes and rare forms (mesoporous carbon, nanofoam) with magnetic iron oxide carriers for advanced environmental technologies.
Abstract: Owing to the three different orbital hybridizations carbon can adopt, the existence of various carbon nanoallotropes differing also in dimensionality has been already affirmed with other structures predicted and expected to emerge in the future. Despite numerous unique features and applications of 2D graphene, 1D carbon nanotubes, or 0D fullerenes, nanodiamonds, and carbon quantum dots, which have been already heavily explored, any of the existing carbon allotropes do not offer competitive magnetic properties. For challenging applications, carbon nanoallotropes are functionalized with magnetic species, especially of iron oxide nature, due to their interesting magnetic properties (superparamagnetism and strong magnetic response under external magnetic fields), easy availability, biocompatibility, and low cost. In addition, combination of iron oxides (magnetite, maghemite, hematite) and carbon nanostructures brings enhanced electrochemical performance and (photo)catalytic capability due to synergetic and co...

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an X-ray crystal structure was obtained from a benzene clathrate of comparison compound 2, synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of C60 with the ortho-quinodimethane derived from 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzene (4).
Abstract: A fullerene derivative 1 of benzo[18]crown-6 was obtained by Diels-Alder addition of fullerene[60](C60) to the ortho-quinodimethane prepared in situ from 4,5-bis(bromomethyl)benzo[18]crown-6 (3) with Bu4NI in toluene. Extraction experiments show that the complexation of K+ ions strongly increases the solubility of 1 in protic solvents like MeOH. Using Langmuir-Blodgett techniques, monolayers of the highly amphiphilic fullerene-derived crown ether 1 and its K+ ion complex were prepared. An X-ray crystal structure was obtained from a benzene clathrate of comparison compound 2, synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of C60 with the ortho-quinodimethane derived from 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzene (4). Both the fullerene molecule 2 and the benzene molecule are fully ordered in a crystal packing which is stabilized by intermolecular van-der-Waals contacts between the benzene ring and the C-spheres, intermolecular C…C contacts between the C60 moieties, and intermolecular O…C contacts between the O-atoms of the veratrole moieties and fullerene C-atoms.

155 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023542
20221,244
2021366
2020346
2019411
2018420