Fundamental frequency

About: Fundamental frequency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8941 publications have been published within this topic receiving 131583 citations.

A new voice-packet reconstruction technique

Abstract: The authors present a voice-packet reconstruction scheme in which the pitch and amplitude of a packet reconstructed according to the pitch detection method of D.J. Goodman et al. (1986) are modified to accommodate amplitude and slight fundamental frequency changes that might have been contained in the missing packet. Audible clicks in pitch-detection-reconstructed speech are therefore significantly reduced, and the perceived quality of reconstructed speech is improved. Preliminary subjective tests indicate that for a given perceptual quality (mean opinion score), the number of missing packets for this technique may be about twice what can be tolerated when using the pitch detection method only. >

Antibody coated crystal chemical sensor

Abstract: A sensor for detecting the presence of a particular chemical by determining the absolute frequency shift in the oscillating frequency of an antibody-coated oscillator. Specific antibodies deposited on a high Q crystal oscillator detect the change in frequency as chemical particulates become trapped by the antibodies and change the effective mass of the crystal. In one embodiment, two oscillating crystals are used, one that has been coated with the antibodies, and one that is uncoated. This permits detection of frequency differences between the oscillating frequencies of the two crystals, thus eliminating pressure, temperature, and humidity corrections that conventionally must be made. The sensor maintains a high specificity by using antibodies that are specifically related to the chemical to be detected, while achieving relatively good sensitivity by using high Q oscillators, such as quart or sapphire, and eliminating drift problems due to temperature, pressure, and humidity. In a second embodiment, a single crystal is used having antibodies coated at specific nodal locations associated with harmonics of the fundamental frequency of oscillation of the crystal. Harmonic amplitudes are measured to determine the presence of the chemical of interest.

Context dependence of fundamental-frequency discrimination: lateralized temporal fringes.

Abstract: In a two-interval, two-alternative, forced-choice (2I-2AFC) adaptive procedure, listeners discriminated between the fundamental frequencies (F0s) of two 100-ms harmonic target complexes. This ability can be impaired substantially by the presence of another complex (the “fringe”) immediately before and after each target complex. It has been shown that for the impairment to occur (i) target and fringes have to be in the same frequency region; (ii) if all harmonics of target and fringes are unresolved then they may differ in F0; otherwise, they have to be similar [C. Micheyl and R. P. Carlyon, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 3006–3018 (1998)]. These findings have been discussed in terms of information about the fringe’s F0 being included in the estimate of the F0 of the target, and in terms of auditory streaming. The present study investigated the role of perceived location and ipsilateral versus contralateral presentation of the fringes on F0 discrimination of the target. Experiment 1 used interaural level differe...

Improvement of Accuracy of Power System Spectral Analysis by Coherent Resampling

Abstract: The coherent resampling (CR) algorithm, which improves the accuracy of discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based power system frequency analysis, is described in the paper. The algorithm uses extended Kalman filter for instantaneous frequency tracking and fractional B-spline resampler for signal approximation. The CR algorithm is a software counterpart of synchronous sampling, i.e., sampling, synchronized with fundamental frequency of the signal. CR may either be applied to previously noncoherently sampled signals or to work in realtime. Frequency estimation, amplitude spectrum estimation and THD factor estimation results obtained by presented algorithm are compared to those obtained by other methods. Both simulated and real signals were used for tests. Brief summary of realtime DSP implementation of CR algorithm is also given.

Mixer using fundamental frequency or second or third harmonic frequencies of a local oscillator for maximized resultant frequency mixer product

Abstract: A mixer is provided having a mixing element, an input signal port for incoming signals at a frequency fIN, a local oscillator signal port for signals from a local oscillator having a fundamental frequency fLO, and an output port from which the resultant frequency may be taken. Means are provided to impose a DC component of bias voltage across the mixing element at one of three levels. The mixer is such that it has a pair of conduction threshold voltages which are substantially symmetrical above and below zero volts, beyond which the mixing element will be conductive at least when a signal from the local oscillator is imposed on it. The signal from the local oscillator has substantially sinusoidal voltage waveform, with a peak-to-peak voltage which is greater than the voltage difference between the pair of conduction threshold voltages. When the first zero DC component bias voltage is imposed across the mixer element, the mixing element is conductive in respective symmetrical positive-going and negative-going senses, and the maximized resultant frequency is |fIN ±2fLO |. When the second DC component of bias voltage is imposed across the mixing element, it conducts only once per cycle of local oscillator voltage, so that the maximized resultant frequency is |fIN ±fLO |. When the third DC component of bias voltage is imposed across the mixing element, the value of voltage across the mixing element exceeds the threshold voltage in the same sense as the voltage shift for about 35% to about 55% of the period of the local oscillator voltage cycle making the mixer conductive, but it is also conductive in the opposite sense for at least a portion of the remaining period of the cycle, so that third harmonic mixing occurs, and the maximized resultant frequency is |fIN ±3fLO |.